Unlocking the potential of photobiomodulation therapy for brain neurovascular coupling: The biological effects and medical applications.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy stands as an innovative neurostimulation modality that has demonstrated both efficacy and safety in improving brain function. This therapy exerts multifaceted influences on neurons, blood vessels, and their intricate interplay known as neurovascular coupling (NVC). Growing evidence indicates that NVC may present a promising target for PBM intervention. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its therapeutic benefits remain to be fully understood. This review aims to elucidate the potential metabolic pathways and signaling cascades involved in the modulatory effects of PBM, while also exploring the extensive repertoire of PBM applications in neurologic and psychiatric conditions. The prospects of PBM within the realm of NVC investigation are intensively considered, providing deeper insights into the powerful capabilities of PBM therapy and its potential to revolutionize neurostimulation treatments.