College for Light Medicine and Photobiomodulation, D-82319 Starnberg, Germany.
ProNeuroLIGHT LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85041, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 10;23(6):2975. doi: 10.3390/ijms23062975.
The glymphatic system is a glial-dependent waste clearance pathway in the central nervous system, devoted to drain away waste metabolic products and soluble proteins such as amyloid-beta. An impaired brain glymphatic system can increase the incidence of neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy can serve as a non-invasive neuroprotective strategy for maintaining and optimizing effective brain waste clearance. In this review, we discuss the crucial role of the glymphatic drainage system in removing toxins and waste metabolites from the brain. We review recent animal research on the neurotherapeutic benefits of PBM therapy on glymphatic drainage and clearance. We also highlight cellular mechanisms of PBM on the cerebral glymphatic system. Animal research has shed light on the beneficial effects of PBM on the cerebral drainage system through the clearance of amyloid-beta via meningeal lymphatic vessels. Finally, PBM-mediated increase in the blood-brain barrier permeability with a subsequent rise in Aβ clearance from PBM-induced relaxation of lymphatic vessels via a vasodilation process will be discussed. We conclude that PBM promotion of cranial and extracranial lymphatic system function might be a promising strategy for the treatment of brain diseases associated with cerebrospinal fluid outflow abnormality.
脑淋巴系统是中枢神经系统中一种依赖于神经胶质的废物清除途径，专门清除废物代谢产物和可溶性蛋白质，如淀粉样蛋白-β。脑淋巴系统功能受损会增加神经血管、神经炎症和神经退行性疾病的发病率。光生物调节（PBM）疗法可以作为一种非侵入性的神经保护策略，用于维持和优化有效的大脑废物清除。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了脑淋巴引流系统在清除大脑毒素和废物代谢产物方面的关键作用。我们回顾了最近关于 PBM 疗法对脑淋巴引流和清除的神经治疗益处的动物研究。我们还强调了 PBM 对脑淋巴系统的细胞机制。动物研究通过脑膜淋巴管清除淀粉样蛋白-β，揭示了 PBM 对大脑引流系统的有益影响。最后，我们将讨论 PBM 介导的血脑屏障通透性增加，以及通过血管扩张过程诱导的 PBM 诱导的淋巴管松弛导致 Aβ清除增加。我们得出结论，PBM 促进颅内外淋巴系统功能可能是治疗与脑脊液流出异常相关的脑部疾病的一种有前途的策略。
