Almutairi Fai S, Alsaykhan Alaa M, Almatrood Abrar A
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Buraydah, SAU.
Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Hail, SAU.
Cureus. 2024 Dec 7;16(12):e75262. doi: 10.7759/cureus.75262. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Globally, obesity prevalence has progressively increased and is now at epidemic levels; this trend is mirrored in women of childbearing age. There is a high level of evidence that maternal obesity is associated with a range of adverse pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes, such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), large for gestational age (LGA) fetuses, premature birth, stillbirth, cesarean section, and postpartum hemorrhage, among certain others. This systematic review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between maternal obesity and health outcomes for both mothers and infants. The inclusion criteria encompass studies focusing on pregnant women with obesity, research examining obesity prevalence in pregnancy, and investigations into various maternal and neonatal outcomes. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to ensure the reliability and validity of findings, while meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled prevalence of obesity. The findings highlight significant associations between maternal obesity and adverse outcomes for both mothers and neonates, respectively. Increased gestational weight gain in obese individuals correlates with a higher risk of complications, such as cesarean delivery, preeclampsia, and postpartum hemorrhage. Specifically, obesity has been consistently linked to higher rates of GDM, which further elevates the likelihood of cesarean sections and other complications during labor. Additionally, in terms of neonatal outcomes, studies reveal that maternal obesity influences the incidence of LGA infants, often leading to macrosomia. Neonates born to obese mothers may also have increased rates of NICU admissions, reflecting the challenges posed by higher maternal weight and its associated risks. Maternal obesity is consistently associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, diversity in outcomes, such as Apgar scores, underscores the need for further research to better understand these complex relationships.
在全球范围内，肥胖患病率呈逐渐上升趋势，现已达到流行程度；这一趋势在育龄妇女中也有体现。有大量证据表明，孕妇肥胖与一系列不良妊娠并发症和新生儿结局相关，如妊娠高血压疾病、妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）、大于胎龄（LGA）胎儿、早产、死产、剖宫产和产后出血等。本系统评价旨在全面评估孕妇肥胖与母婴健康结局之间的关系。纳入标准包括针对肥胖孕妇的研究、孕期肥胖患病率的研究以及对各种母婴结局的调查。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表进行质量评估，以确保研究结果的可靠性和有效性，同时进行荟萃分析以计算肥胖的合并患病率。研究结果分别突出了孕妇肥胖与母亲和新生儿不良结局之间的显著关联。肥胖个体孕期体重增加过多与剖宫产、先兆子痫和产后出血等并发症的风险较高相关。具体而言，肥胖一直与较高的GDM发生率相关，这进一步增加了剖宫产和分娩期间其他并发症的可能性。此外，就新生儿结局而言，研究表明孕妇肥胖会影响LGA婴儿的发生率，常导致巨大儿。肥胖母亲所生的新生儿入住新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）的比例也可能增加，这反映了母亲体重过高及其相关风险所带来的挑战。孕妇肥胖一直与不良母婴结局相关。然而，如阿氏评分等结局的多样性强调了需要进一步研究以更好地理解这些复杂关系。
