Xu Weiwei, Zhou Miao, Yang Zhikang, Zheng Mengli, Chen Qinghua
College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.
Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2024 Dec 23;11:1517976. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1517976. eCollection 2024.
Excessive inorganic trace elements are added to livestock and poultry feed to meet the needs of animals, accompanied by frequent occurrence of excretion and gastrointestinal stress. Replacing inorganic trace elements with organic trace elements provides a promising solution to alleviate these problems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of replacing all inorganic trace elements (ITMs) in feed on the growth performance, meat quality, serum parameters, trace element metabolism, and gut microbiota of finishing pigs. A total of 128 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs (33.88 ± 0.62 kg) were assigned to four treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was divided into four replicates, each containing eight pigs. The control group received a basal diet containing 100% inorganic trace elements, while the experimental groups were provided with diets where all inorganic trace elements were substituted with 30, 50, and 70% organic trace elements. The experiment spanned 56 days. Results indicated that replacing all ITMs with 30, 50, and 70% OTMs demonstrated no adverse effects on average daily feed intake, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, eye muscle area, backfat thickness, and relative organ weight of finishing pigs compared to the control group. Furthermore, the replacement led to increased serum immunoglobulin A concentration and Cu-SOD enzyme activity, and decreased serum MDA level, and GSH-Px activity in the liver. Notably, 50 and 70% OTMs increased serum Mn-SOD activity, and 70% OTMs increased serum T-AOC content. Moreover, it significantly decreased the excretion of trace elements in feces without compromising their deposition in the muscle. Additionally, replacing 100% ITMs with 30% OTMs resulted in an improved Shannon index of colonic microbiota in finishing pigs. In conclusion, replacing 100% inorganic trace elements with 30, 50, and 70% organic trace elements exhibited no detrimental effects on the performance of finishing pigs. In conclusion, replacing 100% inorganic trace elements with 70% organic trace elements had certain potential to improve the production performance of finishing pigs. This replacement strategy can enhance meat quality, boost antioxidant capacity, reduce trace element excretion, facilitate trace element absorption and deposition, and enhance gut microbiota homeostasis.
为满足动物需求，畜禽饲料中添加了过量的无机微量元素，导致排泄和胃肠道应激频繁发生。用有机微量元素替代无机微量元素为缓解这些问题提供了一个有前景的解决方案。因此，本研究旨在评估饲料中全部无机微量元素（ITMs）被替代后对育肥猪生长性能、肉质、血清参数、微量元素代谢及肠道微生物群的影响。总共128头杜洛克×长白×大白生长育肥猪（体重33.88 ± 0.62 kg）被随机完全区组设计分配到四个处理组。每个处理组分为四个重复，每个重复包含八头猪。对照组饲喂含100%无机微量元素的基础日粮，而实验组则饲喂用30%、50%和70%有机微量元素替代所有无机微量元素的日粮。实验为期56天。结果表明，与对照组相比，用30%、50%和70%的有机微量元素替代所有无机微量元素对育肥猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重、饲料转化率、眼肌面积、背膘厚度和相对器官重量均无不利影响。此外，这种替代导致血清免疫球蛋白A浓度和铜超氧化物歧化酶（Cu-SOD）活性增加，血清丙二醛（MDA）水平降低，肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性降低。值得注意的是，50%和70%的有机微量元素增加了血清锰超氧化物歧化酶（Mn-SOD）活性，70%的有机微量元素增加了血清总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）含量。此外，它显著降低了粪便中微量元素的排泄量，同时不影响其在肌肉中的沉积。另外，用30%的有机微量元素替代100%的无机微量元素可提高育肥猪结肠微生物群的香农指数。总之，用30%、50%和70%的有机微量元素替代100%的无机微量元素对育肥猪的性能没有不利影响。总之，用70%的有机微量元素替代100%的无机微量元素具有一定提高育肥猪生产性能的潜力。这种替代策略可以提高肉质、增强抗氧化能力、减少微量元素排泄、促进微量元素吸收和沉积，并增强肠道微生物群的稳态。
