Norbäck D, Larsson E, Göthe C J
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1985 Feb;46(2):85-8. doi: 10.1080/15298668591394446.
As a follow-up of two patients found to be allergic to EKG*ink, a study was made, using spectrophotometric and light microscopic methods, of the factors influencing the emission of ink aerosol from ink-jet recorders used in electrocardiographs. Ink aerosol concentrations were only detectable by spectrophotometry under extreme conditions. However, the light microscopic method was sufficiently sensitive. At the slow paper speeds normally used (10-25 mm/sec) and under normal working conditions, the concentration of ink aerosol near the recorder was less than 0.1 microgram/m3; but aerosol emission increased exponentially with increasing ink pressure, i.e. increasing paper speed. At the highest paper speed studied (200 mm/sec), the aerosol concentration 36 cm from the ink nozzles was about 65 micrograms/m3. An increase in the distance from the ink nozzles to the chart paper resulted in a decrease in ink aerosol emissions. Aerosol dissipation was decreased by local exhaust ventilation of the ink-jet recorder. However, a protective shield designed to catch emitted ink aerosol only reduced the aerosol concentration at the measuring point at slow paper speeds. At higher paper speeds, the concentration increased. The average ink aerosol concentration near modern electrocardiographs is low, but some EKG operations may result in high peak concentrations. The formation of ink aerosol could be considerably reduced by changing the rheologic properties of the ink.
作为对两名被发现对心电图墨水过敏患者的后续研究，采用分光光度法和光学显微镜法，对影响心电图仪所用喷墨记录器墨雾气溶胶排放的因素进行了研究。只有在极端条件下，才能通过分光光度法检测到墨雾气溶胶浓度。然而，光学显微镜法灵敏度足够高。在通常使用的慢速纸速（10 - 25毫米/秒）和正常工作条件下，记录器附近的墨雾气溶胶浓度低于0.1微克/立方米；但气胶排放随墨水压力增加呈指数增长，即纸速增加。在所研究的最高纸速（200毫米/秒）下，距墨喷嘴36厘米处的气溶胶浓度约为65微克/立方米。从墨喷嘴到记录纸的距离增加会导致墨雾气溶胶排放减少。喷墨记录器的局部排气通风降低了气溶胶的消散。然而，设计用于捕获排放墨雾气溶胶的防护屏仅在慢速纸速下降低了测量点的气溶胶浓度。在较高纸速下，浓度会增加。现代心电图仪附近的平均墨雾气溶胶浓度较低，但某些心电图操作可能会导致高峰浓度。通过改变墨水的流变学特性，可以大大减少墨雾气溶胶的形成。
