Leino T, Kähkönen E, Saarinen L, Henriks-Eckerman M L, Paakkulainen H
Department of Occupational Medicine, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Appl Occup Environ Hyg. 1999 Jan;14(1):26-33. doi: 10.1080/104732299303386.
The purpose of the study was to assess the working conditions in hairdressing salons and the influence of work factors on the workers' health. Twenty randomly sampled hairdressing salons in the Helsinki, Finland, metropolitan area were selected for the study. The study was performed during winter 1994-1995; it included a survey of the hairdressing chemicals in use, the measurement of physical and chemical working conditions, and a self-administered questionnaire of the work environment and health of the workers. The air temperature varied between 16-25 degrees C, air velocity 0.02-0.3 m/s, and relative humidity, 18-42 percent. The total dust concentration varied between 66-133 micrograms/m3. The concentration of volatile organic compounds was 84-465 micrograms/m3 and the peaks rose to 25-45 mg/m3. The highest concentration of ammonia detected was 3.5 mg/m3. The long-term concentrations of thioglycolates and persulfates were at their lowest below the detection limit, and at their highest 1.8 micrograms/m3 for thioglycolates and 4.7 micrograms/m3 for persulfates, respectively, and the peaks of persulfates, 30 micrograms/m3. Hairdressing chemicals, awkward work postures, and repetitive movements were the most frequent causes of discomfort and for some had caused a work-related disease. Good general ventilation decreased the health complaints caused by hairdressing chemicals, but caused discomfort as a result of drafts. On average, the physical and chemical working conditions in the hairdressing salons were satisfactory compared with the Finnish criterion for indoor climate. However, the frequent high peak concentrations of chemicals during dyeing, bleaching, permanenting, and aerosol spraying still pose a significant health problem. Although effective general ventilation alleviated the effects of the air pollutants, it could not completely solve the problem. Therefore, local exhaust ventilation is recommended at the mixing places for hairdressing chemicals and wherever they are applied to the hair. According to our results, already increasing the air exchange rate up to 5 to 7 times per hour during the high exposure jobs would improve the situation.
该研究的目的是评估美发沙龙的工作条件以及工作因素对工人健康的影响。在芬兰赫尔辛基大都市区随机抽取了20家美发沙龙作为研究对象。该研究于1994 - 1995年冬季进行；研究内容包括对所用美发化学品的调查、物理和化学工作条件的测量，以及一份关于工人工作环境和健康状况的自填式问卷。空气温度在16 - 25摄氏度之间，风速为0.02 - 0.3米/秒，相对湿度为18 - 42%。总粉尘浓度在66 - 133微克/立方米之间。挥发性有机化合物的浓度为84 - 465微克/立方米，峰值升至25 - 45毫克/立方米。检测到的氨的最高浓度为3.5毫克/立方米。巯基乙酸盐和过硫酸盐的长期浓度在最低时低于检测限，最高时巯基乙酸盐为1.8微克/立方米，过硫酸盐为4.7微克/立方米，过硫酸盐的峰值为30微克/立方米。美发化学品、别扭的工作姿势和重复性动作是最常见的不适原因，对一些人来说还引发了与工作相关的疾病。良好的全面通风减少了美发化学品引起的健康投诉，但因通风气流导致了不适。总体而言，与芬兰室内气候标准相比，美发沙龙的物理和化学工作条件令人满意。然而，在染发、漂白、烫发和气溶胶喷雾过程中，化学品频繁出现的高浓度峰值仍然构成重大健康问题。尽管有效的全面通风减轻了空气污染物的影响，但无法完全解决问题。因此，建议在美发化学品混合处以及化学品用于头发的任何地方设置局部排风通风装置。根据我们的研究结果，在高暴露工作期间将空气交换率提高至每小时5至7次就能改善这种状况。
