van den Brom René, Santman-Berends Inge, van der Heijden Mark G, Harders Frank, Engelsma Marc, van Gennip Rene G P, Maris-Veldhuis Mieke A, Feddema Arno-Jan, Peterson Karianne, Golender Natalia, Spierenburg Marcel, van Rijn Piet A, Holwerda Melle
Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands.
Royal GD, PO Box 9, Deventer 7400 AA, the Netherlands.
Vet Microbiol. 2025 Feb;301:110365. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110365. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
Bluetongue (BT) is a viral vector borne disease primarily affecting ruminants such as sheep, cattle, and goats. On 3 September 2023, the Netherlands reported the first case of bluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3/NET2023)), after being BTV free for eleven years. Vaccination with inactivated BT vaccines for serotype 3 has been applied in the Netherlands since May 2024. Nonetheless, in late June/July 2024, BTV-3 re-emerged and spread over large parts of Europe. In October 2024, BTV-12 was identified by follow-up diagnostics after a BTV-3 vaccinated sheep with signs of BT was tested positive for BTV but negative for serotype 3. This marks a significant event, as BTV-12 had never been reported in Europe. Screening of farms in close proximity to the sheep farm and retrospective analysis of samples from clinically affected animals that were panBTV PCR positive resulted in the detection of nine BTV-12 affected farms in total. The emergence of BTV-12 in the Netherlands raises important questions about the route of introduction of BT in the Netherlands and mechanisms of viral spread of this specific serotype. Possible adaptation of new BTV serotypes to the European climatic and husbandry conditions prompts reconsideration of prevention, surveillance, and control strategies in relation to changing ecological conditions and vector dynamics. The initial findings, respective studies as well as the initial attempts to trace the origin of BTV-12/NET2024 are described.
蓝舌病（BT）是一种主要影响绵羊、牛和山羊等反刍动物的病毒性媒介传播疾病。2023年9月3日，荷兰在保持11年无蓝舌病病毒后，报告了首例蓝舌病病毒血清型3（BTV - 3/NET2023）病例。自2024年5月起，荷兰已开始使用针对血清型3的灭活蓝舌病疫苗进行接种。尽管如此，在2024年6月下旬/7月，BTV - 3再次出现并在欧洲大部分地区传播。2024年10月，在对一只接种了BTV - 3疫苗但出现蓝舌病症状的绵羊进行检测时，该羊蓝舌病病毒检测呈阳性但血清型3检测呈阴性，后续诊断确定为BTV - 12。这是一个重大事件，因为欧洲此前从未报告过BTV - 12。对靠近该绵羊养殖场的农场进行筛查，并对临床感染动物中泛BTV PCR呈阳性的样本进行回顾性分析，总共检测到9个受BTV - 12影响的农场。BTV - 12在荷兰的出现引发了关于蓝舌病在荷兰的引入途径以及这种特定血清型病毒传播机制的重要问题。新的蓝舌病病毒血清型可能适应欧洲的气候和养殖条件，这促使人们重新考虑与不断变化的生态条件和媒介动态相关的预防、监测和控制策略。本文描述了初步调查结果、相关研究以及追踪BTV - 12/NET2024起源的初步尝试。
