Zhang Hailong, Li Dan, Zheng Jiayang, Zhang Yan, Li Zongjie, Liu Ke, Li Beibei, Qiu Yafeng, Shao Donghua, Wai Soesoe, Wei Jianchao, Ma Zhiyong, Liu Juxiang
College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China.
Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Dec 18;14(24):3653. doi: 10.3390/ani14243653.
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is regarded as an emerging and reemerging pathogen that is a primary cause of viral encephalitis in humans. However, there is a scarcity of research on the prevalence of JEV genotypes across the different mosquito species in Shanghai. In this study, the diversity of mosquito species and prevalence of JEV in pig and sheep farms in Shanghai were surveyed in 2022. A total of 24,073 mosquitoes, belonging to four genera and seven species, were collected from pig and sheep enclosures in the Chongming, Jiading, Pudong, Fengxian, and Jinshan Districts of Shanghai. was identified as the predominant species (87.09%, 20,965/24,073) with the highest JEV detection rate. Six strains of JEV were isolated in this study, and genetic analysis revealed that five strains (SH22-M5, SH22-M9, SH22-M14, SH22-M41, and SH22-M52) belonged to genotype I (GI), while one strain (SH22-M1) was classified as genotype III (GIII). The sequence homology was highest between SH22-M9 and SD-1 (99.87%) and between SH22-M14 and SD12 (99.53%). SH22-M5, SH22-M41, and SH22-M52 shared the highest sequence homology with the HEN07011 strain (99.73-99.93%). SH22-M1 was most closely related to SH18, with a sequence homology of 99.8%. Additionally, for the first time, the GI JEV strain was isolated from mosquitoes in sheep sties in this study. The findings highlight the necessity of enhancing the surveillance of JEV in pigs and other livestock farms, including sheep, as well as monitoring the mosquitoes present in these environments. It is recommended that livestock farming areas be kept separate from human habitation to reduce the risk of JEV infections in humans.
日本脑炎病毒（JEV）被视为一种新出现和再度出现的病原体，是人类病毒性脑炎的主要病因。然而，关于上海不同蚊种中JEV基因型流行情况的研究较少。在本研究中，于2022年对上海猪场和羊场的蚊种多样性及JEV流行情况进行了调查。从上海崇明、嘉定、浦东、奉贤和金山区的猪场和羊圈中共采集到24,073只蚊子，分属于4个属7个种。 被确定为优势种（87.09%，20,965/24,073），JEV检出率最高。本研究分离出6株JEV，基因分析显示5株（SH22-M5、SH22-M9、SH22-M14、SH22-M41和SH22-M52）属于基因型I（GI），而1株（SH22-M1）被归类为基因型III（GIII）。SH22-M9与SD-1之间的序列同源性最高（99.87%），SH22-M14与SD12之间的序列同源性最高（99.53%）。SH22-M5、SH22-M41和SH22-M52与HEN07011毒株的序列同源性最高（99.73 - 99.93%）。SH22-M1与SH18关系最为密切，序列同源性为99.8%。此外，本研究首次从羊舍的蚊子中分离出GI JEV毒株。这些发现凸显了加强对猪场和包括羊场在内的其他畜牧场中JEV监测以及监测这些环境中存在的蚊子的必要性。建议将畜牧养殖区与人类居住区分开，以降低人类感染JEV的风险。
