Shkryl Vyacheslav M
Department of Biophysics of Ion Channels, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, NAS of Ukraine, 01024 Kyiv, Ukraine.
Biomolecules. 2024 Dec 18;14(12):1617. doi: 10.3390/biom14121617.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle in cellular homeostasis, regulating calcium levels and coordinating protein synthesis and folding. In neurons, the ER forms interconnected sheets and tubules that facilitate the propagation of calcium-based signals. Calcium plays a central role in the modulation and regulation of numerous functions in excitable cells. It is a versatile signaling molecule that influences neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, gene expression, and cell survival. This review focuses on the intricate dynamics of calcium signaling in hippocampal neurons, with particular emphasis on the activation of voltage-gated and ionotropic glutamate receptors in the plasma membrane and ryanodine and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors in the ER. These channels and receptors are involved in the generation and transmission of electrical signals and the modulation of calcium concentrations within the neuronal network. By analyzing calcium fluctuations in neurons and the associated calcium handling mechanisms at the ER, mitochondria, endo-lysosome and cytosol, we can gain a deeper understanding of the mechanistic pathways underlying neuronal interactions and information transfer.
内质网（ER）是细胞内稳态中的关键细胞器，调节钙水平并协调蛋白质合成与折叠。在神经元中，内质网形成相互连接的片层和小管，促进基于钙的信号的传播。钙在可兴奋细胞中众多功能的调节中起着核心作用。它是一种多功能信号分子，影响神经递质释放、肌肉收缩、基因表达和细胞存活。本综述聚焦于海马神经元中钙信号的复杂动态，特别强调质膜中电压门控和离子型谷氨酸受体以及内质网中兰尼碱受体和肌醇1,4,5 -三磷酸受体的激活。这些通道和受体参与电信号的产生和传递以及神经网络内钙浓度的调节。通过分析神经元中的钙波动以及内质网、线粒体、内溶酶体和细胞质中相关的钙处理机制，我们可以更深入地了解神经元相互作用和信息传递的机制途径。
