Błaszczak Aleksandra, Stefaniuk-Szmukier Monika, Długosz Bogusława, Musiał Adrianna Dominika, Olczak Katarzyna, Ropka-Molik Katarzyna
Department of Animal Reproduction, Anatomy and Genomics, University of Agriculture, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Cracow, Poland.
Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;15(12):1607. doi: 10.3390/genes15121607.
The Hucul horse breed formed in the region of the Eastern Carpathians, likely through the natural crossbreeding of oriental horses. After World War II, their population significantly decreased, leading to the breeding being based on only 14 female lines, whose founders often had unknown origins. To preserve the breed's unique characteristics, it is now part of a Genetic Resources Conservation Program, which prioritizes the maintenance of genetic diversity. This study aims to clarify the maternal relatedness of founder mares and assess genetic diversity using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The hyper-variable region of the mitochondrial genome was analyzed in 57 horses. Pedigree records were used to trace genealogical lines, and molecular analysis focused on identifying maternal relationships between founder mares. The analysis revealed close maternal kinships between the lines of Jagoda and Bajkałka, as well as Sekunda and Sroczka. In the Hucul population, seventeen mitochondrial haplotypes were identified, with three that did not match any established lines. The findings reveal discrepancies between pedigree records and mitochondrial DNA data, suggesting potential inaccuracies in the Hucul horse studbook. The findings highlight the importance of combining pedigree and molecular data to refine strategies to preserving genetic diversity, minimizing inbreeding, and improving the management the Genetic Resources Conservation Program.
胡库勒马品种形成于东喀尔巴阡山脉地区，可能是东方马自然杂交的结果。第二次世界大战后，其数量大幅减少，导致繁育仅基于14条母系，其创始马的来源往往不明。为了保留该品种的独特特征，它现在是遗传资源保护计划的一部分，该计划优先维护遗传多样性。本研究旨在阐明创始母马的母系亲缘关系，并使用线粒体DNA（mtDNA）评估遗传多样性。对57匹马的线粒体基因组高变区进行了分析。系谱记录用于追溯谱系，分子分析重点是确定创始母马之间的母系关系。分析揭示了雅戈达和巴伊卡尔卡以及塞昆达和斯罗茨卡品系之间密切的母系亲缘关系。在胡库勒马种群中，鉴定出17种线粒体单倍型，其中3种与任何已确定的品系都不匹配。研究结果揭示了系谱记录和线粒体DNA数据之间的差异，表明胡库勒马种马登记簿可能存在不准确之处。研究结果强调了结合系谱和分子数据以完善保护遗传多样性、尽量减少近亲繁殖以及改进遗传资源保护计划管理策略的重要性。
