Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity of a Pakistani Cohort of 15 Consanguineous Families Segregating Variants in Leber Congenital Amaurosis-Associated Genes.

BACKGROUND

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a congenital onset severe form of inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) and a common cause of pediatric blindness. Disease-causing variants in at least 14 genes are reported to predispose LCA phenotype. LCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease. It can be an isolated eye disorder or as part of a syndrome, such as Senior Loken or Joubert syndrome. Sequencing studies from consanguineous populations have proven useful for novel variants identification; thus, the present study aimed to explore the genetic heterogeneity of 15 consanguineous Pakistani families, each segregating a severe IRD phenotype using targeted next generation sequencing.

METHODS

This study enrolled 15 consanguineous families, each with multiple affected cases of retinal dystrophy phenotype. DNA was extracted from blood samples. Targeted panel sequencing of 344 known genes for IRDs was performed, followed by Sanger sequencing for segregation analysis.

RESULTS

Data analysis revealed a total of eight reported (c.316C>T and c.506G>A in ; c.864dup and c.1012C>T in as well as c.1459T>C, c.1062_1068del, c.1495+1G>A, c.998G>A in the , , and genes, respectively) and four novel homozygous (c.720+1G>T in , c.196G>C in , c.620_625del in and c.3411_3414del in ) variants segregating with disease phenotype in each respective family. Furthermore, a novel heterozygous variant of gene, i.e., c.1935delC in compound heterozygous condition was found segregating with disease phenotype in one large family with multiple consanguinity loops.

CONCLUSION

Comprehensive molecular diagnosis of 15 consanguineous Pakistani families led to the identification of a total of 5 novel variants contributing to genetic heterogeneity of LCA-associated genes and helped to provide genetic counseling to the affected families.