Lipińska-Opałka Agnieszka, Leszczyńska-Pilich Michalina, Będzichowska Agata, Tomaszewska Agata, Rustecka Agnieszka, Kalicki Bolesław
Faculty of Medicine, University of Warsaw, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Pediatrics, Nephrology and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 01-141 Warsaw, Poland.
Biomedicines. 2024 Nov 27;12(12):2721. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12122721.
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a key component in the regulation of the immune system. Their immunosuppressive function, which includes limiting the inflammatory cascade, occurs through interactions with other immune cells and the secretion of cytokines, primarily IL-10. As knowledge about B cells continues to expand, their diversity is becoming more recognized, with many subpopulations identified in both human and animal models. However, identifying specific transcription factors or markers that could definitively distinguish regulatory B cells remains a challenge. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of B regulatory cells in allergic diseases.
In patients with bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies, the number of regulatory B cells is reduced, and disease severity is inversely proportional to the quantity of these cells. Furthermore, in patients with atopic dermatitis, the ability of regulatory B cells to produce IL-10 in response to IL-6 stimulation is diminished. However, allergen immunotherapy has been shown to induce the formation of regulatory T cells as well as regulatory B cells.
The success of future therapies based on B cells may depend on deepening our current understanding of their phenotypes, induction, differentiation, and function. Research in these areas is essential for understanding the mechanisms regulating Breg activity and for developing potential targeted therapies in the treatment of allergic diseases.
调节性B细胞（Bregs）是免疫系统调节的关键组成部分。它们的免疫抑制功能，包括限制炎症级联反应，是通过与其他免疫细胞相互作用以及分泌主要为IL-10的细胞因子来实现的。随着对B细胞的认识不断扩展，其多样性越来越受到认可，在人类和动物模型中都发现了许多亚群。然而，确定能够明确区分调节性B细胞的特定转录因子或标志物仍然是一项挑战。本综述总结了调节性B细胞在过敏性疾病中作用的最新研究结果。
在支气管哮喘、特应性皮炎和食物过敏患者中，调节性B细胞数量减少，且疾病严重程度与这些细胞的数量成反比。此外，在特应性皮炎患者中，调节性B细胞对IL-6刺激产生IL-10的能力减弱。然而，变应原免疫疗法已被证明可诱导调节性T细胞以及调节性B细胞的形成。
未来基于B细胞的治疗方法的成功可能取决于加深我们目前对其表型、诱导、分化和功能的理解。这些领域的研究对于理解调节Breg活性的机制以及开发治疗过敏性疾病的潜在靶向疗法至关重要。
