Koyama Hajime, Kashio Akinori, Yamasoba Tatsuya
Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo 102-8798, Japan.
J Clin Med. 2024 Dec 13;13(24):7577. doi: 10.3390/jcm13247577.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a concept whose goal is to imitate human intellectual activity in computers. It emerged in the 1950s and has gone through three booms. We are in the third boom, and it will continue. Medical applications of AI include diagnosing otitis media from images of the eardrum, often outperforming human doctors. Temporal bone CT and MRI analyses also benefit from AI, with segmentation accuracy improved in anatomically significant structures or diagnostic accuracy improved in conditions such as otosclerosis and vestibular schwannoma. In treatment, AI predicts hearing outcomes for sudden sensorineural hearing loss and post-operative hearing outcomes for patients who have undergone tympanoplasty. AI helps patients with hearing aids hear in challenging situations, such as in noisy environments or when multiple people are speaking. It also provides fitting information to help improve hearing with hearing aids. AI also improves cochlear implant mapping and outcome prediction, even in cases of cochlear malformation. Future trends include generative AI, such as ChatGPT, which can provide medical advice and information, although its reliability and application in clinical settings requires further investigation.
人工智能（AI）是一个旨在在计算机中模仿人类智力活动的概念。它出现于20世纪50年代，经历了三次热潮。我们正处于第三次热潮，且这一热潮将持续下去。人工智能在医学上的应用包括通过鼓膜图像诊断中耳炎，其表现往往优于人类医生。颞骨CT和MRI分析也受益于人工智能，在解剖学上重要的结构中分割精度得到提高，或者在诸如耳硬化症和前庭神经鞘瘤等病症中诊断准确性得到提高。在治疗方面，人工智能可预测突发性感音神经性听力损失的听力结果以及接受鼓室成形术患者的术后听力结果。人工智能帮助佩戴助听器的患者在具有挑战性的情况下聆听，例如在嘈杂环境中或多人交谈时。它还提供适配信息以帮助通过助听器改善听力。人工智能甚至在耳蜗畸形的情况下也能改善人工耳蜗映射和结果预测。未来趋势包括生成式人工智能，如ChatGPT，它可以提供医疗建议和信息，尽管其在临床环境中的可靠性和应用需要进一步研究。
