Pecoraro Luca, Zuccato Arianna, Vitella Rebecca, Pietrobelli Angelo, Piacentini Giorgio, Brugnara Milena
Pediatric Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Destiny, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Dec 2;60(12):1993. doi: 10.3390/medicina60121993.
Pediatric nephrolithiasis is an ancient and complex disorder that has seen a significant rise in recent decades and the underlying causes contributing to stone formation in children may also be shifting. Historically, kidney stones have been linked to factors such as metabolic disorders, congenital abnormalities, and family history. However, the recent increase in incidence appears to be associated with new risk factors, including changes in lifestyle and diet, the growing prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and even climate change. Given this evolving landscape, performing a comprehensive metabolic evaluation during the diagnostic process is essential. A complete metabolic evaluation should thus be performed during the diagnostic assessment to identify any modifiable risk factors predisposing to stone recurrence and reduce the need for surgical management, extrarenal comorbidity, and the increased burden of care.
小儿肾结石是一种古老而复杂的疾病，近几十年来其发病率显著上升，儿童结石形成的潜在原因也可能在发生变化。从历史上看，肾结石与代谢紊乱、先天性异常和家族史等因素有关。然而，近期发病率的上升似乎与新的风险因素有关，包括生活方式和饮食的改变、肥胖、代谢综合征、糖尿病患病率的增加，甚至气候变化。鉴于这种不断变化的情况，在诊断过程中进行全面的代谢评估至关重要。因此，在诊断评估期间应进行完整的代谢评估，以确定任何易导致结石复发的可改变风险因素，并减少手术治疗、肾外合并症和护理负担增加的需求。
