Siener Roswitha
University Stone Center, Department of Urology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
Nutrients. 2021 Jun 3;13(6):1917. doi: 10.3390/nu13061917.
The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of urinary stones is estimated to be up to 50%. Nephrolithiasis is associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Diet composition is considered to play a crucial role in urinary stone formation. There is strong evidence that an inadequate fluid intake is the major dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. While the benefit of high fluid intake has been confirmed, the effect of different beverages, such as tap water, mineral water, fruit juices, soft drinks, tea and coffee, are debated. Other nutritional factors, including dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium and sodium chloride can also modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the risk of kidney stone formation. The assessment of nutritional risk factors is an essential component in the specific dietary therapy of kidney stone patients. An appropriate dietary intervention can contribute to the effective prevention of recurrent stones and reduce the burden of invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary stone disease. This narrative review has intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the role of nutrition and diet in kidney stone disease.
全球范围内肾结石疾病的患病率正在上升。据估计，尿石症的复发率高达50%。肾结石与慢性肾病和终末期肾病风险增加相关。饮食构成被认为在尿路结石形成中起关键作用。有强有力的证据表明，液体摄入量不足是尿石症的主要饮食风险因素。虽然大量摄入液体的益处已得到证实，但不同饮料（如自来水、矿泉水、果汁、软饮料、茶和咖啡）的影响仍存在争议。其他营养因素，包括膳食蛋白质、碳水化合物、草酸盐、钙和氯化钠，也可调节尿路风险状况并促使肾结石形成。营养风险因素的评估是肾结石患者特定饮食治疗的重要组成部分。适当的饮食干预有助于有效预防结石复发，并减轻治疗尿路结石疾病的侵入性外科手术负担。本叙述性综述旨在全面、更新地概述营养与饮食在肾结石疾病中的作用。
