Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street 316 CSB, MSC 608, Charleston, SC 29425-6080, USA.
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011 Aug;6(8):2062-8. doi: 10.2215/CJN.11191210. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
Nephrolithiasis in children is a painful and costly disease that may also have detrimental long-term effects on kidney function. Recent data provide evidence that the incidence of nephrolithiasis in children is rising. Children who are white, female, and adolescent seem to have the highest risk for forming symptomatic kidney stones. Although the reasons for the rising incidence and demographic discrepancies in pediatric nephrolithiasis are not yet clear, recent investigations into urine chemistry provide clues regarding predisposing metabolic risk factors. As more data emerge regarding epidemiologic and metabolic characteristics of pediatric kidney stone formers, we hope to gain a better understanding of the causes of kidney stone disease and, ultimately, provide better strategies for stone prevention in children.
儿童肾结石是一种痛苦且昂贵的疾病，它可能对肾功能产生长期的不利影响。最近的数据表明，儿童肾结石的发病率正在上升。白人、女性和青少年儿童似乎有形成有症状肾结石的最高风险。尽管儿童肾结石发病率上升和人口统计学差异的原因尚不清楚，但最近对尿液化学的研究为易患代谢危险因素提供了线索。随着更多关于儿童肾结石患者的流行病学和代谢特征的数据出现，我们希望能够更好地了解肾结石疾病的原因，并最终为儿童结石预防提供更好的策略。
