Freixas-Jambert Raquel, Ruiz-Recasens Cristina, Nieto-Villena Alejandra, Oriola-Folch Marta
Research Group of Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Art and Conservation Department, Fine Arts Faculty, University of Barcelona, Pau Gargallo, 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Art History, Faculty of Geography and History, University of Valencia, Avda. de Blasco Ibáñez, 28, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Molecules. 2024 Dec 11;29(24):5833. doi: 10.3390/molecules29245833.
The bromoil process, developed in 1907, was a photographic technique highly esteemed by pictorialist photographers for its capacity for image manipulation, which aligns its expressiveness with traditional pictorial techniques. Despite the artistic and technical value of bromoils and their prevalence in renowned collections, there is little research on their composition and structural characteristics. This study uses non-invasive external reflection FTIR spectroscopy to characterise 16 bromoil prints dating from the 1920s to 2010. FTIR spectroscopy allowed the discrimination of key components such as cellulose, gelatine, pigments, and oils, elucidating the structural and compositional complexity of bromoil prints. The study presents new perspectives on the traditionally recognised structure of bromoil prints, based on FTIR spectroscopy results along with evidence from microscopic examination, particularly regarding the role of certain strata in their identification. These results suggest a need to reconsider the understanding and characterisation of bromoil prints in relation to the currently available literature. This research also proposes a measurement model adapted to the studied samples and addresses the advantages and limitations found in the different types of equipment used. It thus proposes a key methodology for the identification and provides a source for the physicochemical studies of photographic processes.
溴油工艺于1907年开发，是一种摄影技术，因其图像操纵能力而受到画意派摄影师的高度推崇，其表现力与传统画意技术相一致。尽管溴油照片具有艺术和技术价值且在著名收藏中很常见，但对其成分和结构特征的研究却很少。本研究使用非侵入性外反射傅里叶变换红外光谱法对16幅创作于20世纪20年代至2010年的溴油照片进行表征。傅里叶变换红外光谱法能够区分纤维素、明胶、颜料和油等关键成分，阐明了溴油照片的结构和成分复杂性。该研究基于傅里叶变换红外光谱法的结果以及显微镜检查的证据，对溴油照片传统上公认的结构提出了新的观点，特别是关于某些层次在其识别中的作用。这些结果表明，有必要根据现有文献重新考虑对溴油照片的理解和表征。本研究还提出了一种适用于所研究样本的测量模型，并阐述了在使用的不同类型设备中发现的优缺点。因此，它提出了一种关键的鉴定方法，并为摄影工艺的物理化学研究提供了一个来源。
