Wiśniewski Patryk, Trymers Miłosz, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska Wioleta, Tkacz Katarzyna, Zadernowska Anna, Modzelewska-Kapituła Monika
Department of Food Microbiology, Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland.
Pathogens. 2024 Dec 19;13(12):1123. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13121123.
The prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in meat and meat products is a significant public health challenge, largely driven by the excessive and inappropriate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry. In Poland, a key meat producer in Europe, antibiotic-resistant pathogens such as spp., spp., spp., , and Enterobacterales have been detected in meat, posing serious risks to consumers. This review examines the use of antimicrobial agents in meat production and the resulting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microorganisms isolated from meat products in Poland. The mechanisms of AMR, genetic factors, and prevalence in Poland are presented. It highlights key factors contributing to AMR, such as antibiotic misuse in livestock farming, and discusses the legal regulations governing veterinary drug residues in food. This review emphasizes the importance of monitoring and enforcement to safeguard public health and calls for further research on AMR in the meat industry. Antimicrobial resistance in meat and meat products in Poland is a huge challenge, requiring stricter antibiotic controls in animal husbandry and improved surveillance systems. Additionally, the impact of husbandry practices on the environment and food requires further research. Future efforts should focus on nationwide monitoring, alternative strategies to reduce antibiotic use, and stronger enforcement to combat antimicrobial resistance and protect public health.
肉类和肉制品中抗菌药物耐药菌的流行是一项重大的公共卫生挑战，这在很大程度上是由畜牧业中抗菌药物的过度和不当使用所驱动的。在欧洲主要肉类生产国波兰，已在肉类中检测到诸如 spp.、 spp.、 spp.、 以及肠杆菌科等抗生素耐药病原体，对消费者构成严重风险。本综述探讨了波兰肉类生产中抗菌剂的使用情况以及从肉类产品中分离出的微生物所产生的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）。介绍了波兰AMR的机制、遗传因素和流行情况。它强调了导致AMR的关键因素，如畜牧业中抗生素的滥用，并讨论了食品中兽药残留的法律法规。本综述强调了监测和执法对保障公众健康的重要性，并呼吁对肉类行业的AMR进行进一步研究。波兰肉类和肉制品中的抗菌药物耐药性是一项巨大挑战，需要在畜牧业中实施更严格的抗生素控制并改善监测系统。此外，养殖方式对环境和食品的影响需要进一步研究。未来的努力应集中在全国范围内的监测、减少抗生素使用的替代策略以及加强执法以对抗抗菌药物耐药性并保护公众健康。
