Stasiłowicz-Krzemień Anna, Wójcik Julia, Gościniak Anna, Szymański Marcin, Szulc Piotr, Górecki Krzysztof, Cielecka-Piontek Judyta
Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2024 Nov 27;17(12):1596. doi: 10.3390/ph17121596.
Curcuminoids, the bioactive compounds found in turmeric, exhibit potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. This study aims to enhance the extraction of curcuminoids from turmeric using environmentally friendly solvents supercritical CO (scCO) combined with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) in one process, and to evaluate the resulting biological activity.
A Box-Behnken statistical design was applied to optimize scCO extraction conditions-pressure, CO volume, and temperature-to maximize curcuminoid yield. Next, the menthol and lactic acid NADESs were selected, and these two solvents were combined into a single turmeric extraction process. The biological activity of the resulting extract was evaluated using antioxidant assays (ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and enzyme inhibition assays (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase). Toxicity assessments were conducted on the aquatic invertebrates , sp., and .
The most effective extraction was achieved using a menthol-lactic acid NADES as a cosolvent, integrated at a 1:20 ratio of plant material to NADESs while in combination with scCO. The optimized scCO-NADES extraction resulted in a high curcuminoid yield (33.35 mg/g), outperforming scCO extraction (234.3 μg/g), NADESs ultrasound-assisted extraction (30.50 mg/g), and alcohol-based solvents (22.95-26.42 mg/g). In biological assays, the extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity and effective inhibition of enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and tyrosinase). Toxicity studies showed a concentration-dependent response, with EC for at the level of 0.098 μL/mL and exhibiting high sensitivity to the extract.
This study highlights the potential of combining NADESs and scCO extraction in one process, demonstrating the effectiveness of scCO-NADES extraction in maximizing curcuminoid yield and enhancing bioactivity.
姜黄素类化合物是姜黄中发现的生物活性化合物，具有强大的抗氧化、抗炎和神经保护特性。本研究旨在通过在一个过程中使用环境友好型溶剂超临界二氧化碳（scCO₂）与天然深共熔溶剂（NADESs）相结合的方式，提高从姜黄中提取姜黄素类化合物的效率，并评估所得提取物的生物活性。
采用Box-Behnken统计设计优化scCO₂萃取条件——压力、CO₂体积和温度，以最大化姜黄素类化合物的产量。接下来，选择薄荷醇和乳酸NADESs，并将这两种溶剂组合用于单一的姜黄提取过程。使用抗氧化测定法（铁还原抗氧化能力和2,2-二苯基-1-苦基肼）和酶抑制测定法（乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶和酪氨酸酶）评估所得提取物的生物活性。对水生无脊椎动物 、 、 进行了毒性评估。
使用薄荷醇-乳酸NADESs作为助溶剂，以植物材料与NADESs 1:20的比例并结合scCO₂进行提取最为有效。优化后的scCO₂-NADES提取法得到了较高的姜黄素类化合物产量（33.35毫克/克），优于scCO₂提取法（234.3微克/克）、NADESs超声辅助提取法（30.50毫克/克）和醇基溶剂提取法（22.95 - 26.42毫克/克）。在生物学测定中，提取物表现出显著的抗氧化活性，并能有效抑制酶（乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶和酪氨酸酶）。毒性研究显示出浓度依赖性反应， 的半数有效浓度（EC）为0.098微升/毫升，且对提取物表现出高敏感性。
本研究突出了将NADESs和scCO₂提取法结合在一个过程中的潜力，证明了scCO₂-NADES提取法在最大化姜黄素类化合物产量和增强生物活性方面的有效性。
