Peraza Pablo, Fernández-Calero Tamara, Naya Hugo, Sotelo-Silveira José, Navajas Elly A
Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Las Brujas, Canelones 90100, Uruguay.
Bioinformatics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo 11400, Uruguay.
Microorganisms. 2024 Nov 27;12(12):2437. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122437.
Feed efficiency significantly impacts the economics of beef production and is influenced by biological and environmental factors. The rumen microbiota plays a crucial role in efficiency, with studies increasingly focused on its relationship with different rearing systems. This study analyzed 324 rumen samples from bulls and steers categorized as high and low efficiency based on residual feed intake. The animals were fed two diets (postweaning and finishing) and rumen samples were sequenced using a reduced representation sequencing (RRS) based approach. The results indicated that diet significantly affected microbial diversity and abundance. In postweaning diets, Actinomycetota, particularly , were prevalent, aiding carbohydrate fermentation. In contrast, was identified in finishing diets, likely contributing to acetate production. Additionally, and were abundant during postweaning, known for fiber degradation and volatile fatty acid production. Notably, and were associated with high feed intake and nutrient utilization, indicating their potential as microbial biomarkers. However, alpha diversity indices showed no significant relationship with feed efficiency, suggesting that diversity alone may not adequately reflect the complexity of feed efficiency phenotypes. These findings highlight the importance of diet and microbial interactions on feed efficiency and suggest further research to explore these microbial contributions to precision feeding strategies.
饲料效率对牛肉生产的经济效益有显著影响，并受到生物和环境因素的影响。瘤胃微生物群在效率方面起着关键作用，研究越来越关注其与不同饲养系统的关系。本研究分析了324份来自公牛和阉牛的瘤胃样本，这些样本根据剩余饲料摄入量分为高效和低效两类。给这些动物饲喂两种日粮（断奶后日粮和育肥日粮），并使用基于简化代表性测序（RRS）的方法对瘤胃样本进行测序。结果表明，日粮显著影响微生物多样性和丰度。在断奶后日粮中，放线菌门，特别是 ，很普遍，有助于碳水化合物发酵。相比之下， 在育肥日粮中被鉴定出来，可能有助于乙酸盐的产生。此外， 和 在断奶后含量丰富，以纤维降解和挥发性脂肪酸产生而闻名。值得注意的是， 和 与高采食量和养分利用有关，表明它们作为微生物生物标志物的潜力。然而，α多样性指数与饲料效率没有显著关系，这表明仅多样性可能不足以反映饲料效率表型的复杂性。这些发现突出了日粮和微生物相互作用对饲料效率的重要性，并建议进一步研究以探索这些微生物对精准饲养策略的贡献。
