Muvengi Tauya S, Mortlock Marinda, Kain Morgan P, Markotter Wanda
Centre for Viral Zoonoses, Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Independent Researcher, Washington, DC 20002, USA.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 4;12(12):2505. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122505.
Bats are recognized as reservoirs for diverse paramyxoviruses, some of which are closely related to known human pathogens or directly implicated in zoonotic transmission. The emergence of the zoonotic Sosuga virus (SOSV) from Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs), which caused an acute febrile illness in a reported human case in Africa, has increased the focus on the zoonotic potential of the subfamily. Previous studies identified human parainfluenza virus 2 (HPIV2)- and mumps (MuV)-related viruses in ERBs from South Africa, with HPIV2-related viruses restricted to gastrointestinal samples, an underexplored target for rubulavirus biosurveillance, suggesting that sample-type bias may have led to their oversight. To address this, we performed a longitudinal analysis of population-level fecal samples from an ERB maternity roost for rubulavirus RNA, employing a broadly reactive hemi-nested RT-PCR assay targeting the polymerase gene. We detected HPIV2- and MuV-related viruses in addition to numerous pararubulaviruses, highlighting significant viral diversity. Temporal analysis of three major clades revealed peaks in rubulavirus shedding that correlated with seasonal environmental changes and host reproductive cycles, although shedding patterns varied between clades. These findings identify specific periods of increased risk for the spillover of bat-associated rubulaviruses to humans, providing critical information for developing targeted mitigation strategies to minimize zoonotic transmission risk within the local community.
蝙蝠被认为是多种副粘病毒的宿主，其中一些与已知的人类病原体密切相关，或直接参与人畜共患病传播。埃及果蝠（ERBs）中出现的人畜共患索苏加病毒（SOSV）在非洲的一例报告人类病例中引发了急性发热性疾病，这增加了人们对该亚科人畜共患病潜力的关注。此前的研究在南非的埃及果蝠中发现了与人类副流感病毒2型（HPIV2）和腮腺炎病毒（MuV）相关的病毒，其中与HPIV2相关的病毒仅限于胃肠道样本，这是腮腺炎病毒生物监测中一个未充分探索的目标，表明样本类型偏差可能导致了它们被忽视。为了解决这个问题，我们对一个埃及果蝠繁殖栖息地的群体水平粪便样本进行了纵向分析，以检测腮腺炎病毒RNA，采用了一种针对聚合酶基因的具有广泛反应性的半巢式RT-PCR检测方法。除了众多副腮腺炎病毒外，我们还检测到了与HPIV2和MuV相关的病毒，突出了显著的病毒多样性。对三个主要分支的时间分析显示，腮腺炎病毒脱落高峰与季节性环境变化和宿主繁殖周期相关，尽管不同分支的脱落模式有所不同。这些发现确定了蝙蝠相关腮腺炎病毒向人类溢出风险增加的特定时期，为制定有针对性的缓解策略提供了关键信息，以尽量减少当地社区内的人畜共患病传播风险。
