Donato Maria Manuel, Cardoso Olga, Assis Gabriela, Henriques Sara Carolina, Freitas Andreia, Ramos Fernando
Centro de Investigação em Meio Ambiente, Genética e Oncologia (CIMAGO), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability (CERES), Faculdade de Farmácia, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Universidade de Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
Microorganisms. 2024 Dec 11;12(12):2553. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12122553.
Antimicrobials, widely used in livestock, have induced the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, prompting farmers to explore alternatives like copper. This study aims to determine antimicrobial residues and Cu concentrations in the liver and kidney of piglets and to investigate the correlation between Cu and antimicrobial use and the resistance to Cu and antimicrobials of isolated from piglets' faeces. Antimicrobial residues were quantified by UHPLC-ToF-MS; Cu was quantified using FAAS; microbiological methods were used for isolation, CuSO minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and antimicrobial susceptibility; and to detect genes, Real-Time PCR was used. Cu concentrations and antimicrobial residues in piglet livers and kidneys revealed no significant differences. Antimicrobial residues were detected in a significant number of livers and kidneys. While Cu concentrations in the liver were within adequate ranges, those in the kidney exceeded the recommended levels. isolates from piglet faeces exhibited high antimicrobial drug resistance (AMR), with no clear link to Cu exposure. The genes A, A, and D, associated with Cu tolerance, were predominantly found in isolates with a CuSO MIC of 8 mM. Cu was not used excessively, suggesting that Cu did not replace antimicrobials. was mostly resistant to antimicrobials and it was not possible to demonstrate that Cu was the trigger for this resistance. There was no relationship between Cu tolerance and AMR in isolates. This study highlights the need for further research on the complex interplay between metals, antimicrobials, and bacterial resistance in livestock, impacting 'One Health'.
抗菌药物在牲畜中广泛使用，已导致抗菌药物耐药菌的出现，促使养殖户探索铜等替代品。本研究旨在测定仔猪肝脏和肾脏中的抗菌药物残留及铜浓度，并研究铜与抗菌药物使用之间的相关性，以及从仔猪粪便中分离出的细菌对铜和抗菌药物的耐药性。通过超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法对抗菌药物残留进行定量；使用火焰原子吸收光谱法对铜进行定量；采用微生物学方法进行细菌分离、硫酸铜最低抑菌浓度（MIC）测定及抗菌药物敏感性测试；并使用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测基因。仔猪肝脏和肾脏中的铜浓度及抗菌药物残留无显著差异。在大量肝脏和肾脏中均检测到抗菌药物残留。虽然肝脏中的铜浓度在适当范围内，但肾脏中的铜浓度超过了推荐水平。从仔猪粪便中分离出的细菌表现出较高的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR），与铜暴露无明显关联。与铜耐受性相关的基因A、A和D主要在硫酸铜MIC为8 mM的分离菌株中发现。铜未被过度使用，表明铜并未替代抗菌药物。细菌大多对抗菌药物耐药，且无法证明铜是这种耐药性的触发因素。分离菌株中铜耐受性与AMR之间无关联。本研究强调需要进一步研究牲畜中金属、抗菌药物和细菌耐药性之间的复杂相互作用，这对“同一健康”产生影响。
