College of Resource, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Feb;351:119935. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119935. Epub 2023 Dec 27.
Heavy metal and antibiotic-resistant bacteria from livestock feces are ecological and public health problems. However, the distribution and relationships of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and virulence factors (VFs) and their transmission mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we investigated the resistance of Escherichia coli, the prevalence of its ARGs, HMRGs, and VFs, and their transmission mechanisms in livestock fresh feces (FF), composted feces (CF), and fertilized soil (FS). In total, 99.54% (n = 221) and 91.44% (n = 203) of E. coli were resistant to at least one antibiotic and one heavy metal, respectively. Additionally, 72.52% (n = 161) were multi-drug resistant (MDR), of which Cu-resistant E. coli accounted for 72.67% (117/161). More than 99.34% (88/89) of E. coli carried multidrug ARGs, VFs, and the Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS. The Cu resistance genes cueO and cusABCRFS were mainly located on chromosomes, and cueO and cusF were positively associated with HMRGs, ARGs, and VFs. The Cu resistance genes pcoABCDRS were located on the plasmid pLKYL-P02 flanked by ARGs in PF18C from FF group and on chromosomes flanked by HMRGs in SAXZ1-1 from FS group. These results improved our understanding of bacterial multidrug and heavy metal resistance in the environment.
来自牲畜粪便的重金属和抗生素耐药菌是生态和公共卫生问题。然而，抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）、重金属耐药基因（HMRGs）和毒力因子（VFs）的分布及其相互关系，以及它们的传播机制仍不清楚。因此，我们研究了新鲜粪便（FF）、堆肥粪便（CF）和施肥土壤（FS）中大肠杆菌的耐药性、其 ARGs、HMRGs 和 VFs 的流行情况及其传播机制。总的来说，99.54%（n=221）和 91.44%（n=203）的大肠杆菌对至少一种抗生素和一种重金属具有耐药性。此外，72.52%（n=161）为多药耐药（MDR），其中铜耐药大肠杆菌占 72.67%（117/161）。超过 99.34%（88/89）的大肠杆菌携带多药耐药 ARGs、VFs 和铜耐药基因 cueO 和 cusABCRFS。cueO 和 cusABCRFS 主要位于染色体上，cueO 和 cusF 与 HMRGs、ARGs 和 VFs 呈正相关。铜耐药基因 pcoABCDRS 位于质粒 pLKYL-P02 上，该质粒位于 FF 组 PF18C 中的 ARGs 侧翼，位于 FS 组 SAXZ1-1 中的染色体上，其侧翼为 HMRGs。这些结果提高了我们对环境中细菌多药和重金属耐药性的认识。
