Geraci Anna, Postiglione Alessia, Sgadari Francesco, Schicchi Rosario, Badalamenti Natale, Bruno Maurizio, Basile Adriana, Dentato Martina, Maresca Viviana
Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, ed. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso University Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 4, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Dec 17;13(24):3527. doi: 10.3390/plants13243527.
Mandarin, one of the winter fruits commonly used in the preparation of foods and juices, is a fruit native to China and Southeast Asia. In this work, essential oils (EOs) obtained from by-products of the Blanco flavedo of five cultivars present and cultivated within the Botanical Garden of Palermo were chemically and biologically studied: 'Avana' (), 'Tardivo di Ciaculli' (), 'Bombajensis' (), 'Aurantifolia' (), and 'Padre Bernardino' (). The GC and GC-MS analysis performed on all the extracted samples clearly highlighted the notable presence of limonene, a characteristic hydrocarbon monoterpene of EOs of the genus. , , , , and were tested in relation to their possible antibacterial and allelopathic activity, also highlighting the activity of limonene, the main compound. For the antibacterial activity, eight different bacterial strains were used, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative (, , , , , , , and ). For the allelopathic effect, two model systems were chosen: the germination of radish seeds ( L.) and of spores in the moss (Hedw.). The EOs from all cultivars showed pronounced antibacterial effects against all strains with an MIC comprised in the range of 16-256 μg/mL. Limonene showed the highest activity with an MIC between 4 and 16. The allelopathic effects showed a decrease in the percentage of seed germination, root, and epicotyl growth on and a strong reduction in the germination of spores with an alteration in the development of the protonema. Limonene showed the same but more intense allelopathic activity.
柑橘是冬季常用于制作食品和果汁的水果之一，原产于中国和东南亚。在这项研究中，对巴勒莫植物园现存和种植的五个品种的布兰科果皮副产物中提取的精油进行了化学和生物学研究：“阿瓦纳”（）、“恰库利晚熟品种”（）、“邦巴耶森斯”（）、“酸橙”（）和“帕德雷·贝尔纳迪诺”（）。对所有提取样品进行的气相色谱（GC）和气相色谱 - 质谱（GC - MS）分析清楚地表明，柠檬烯含量显著，柠檬烯是该属精油的一种特征性碳氢单萜。对、、、、和进行了可能的抗菌和化感活性测试，结果也突出了主要化合物柠檬烯的活性。对于抗菌活性测试，使用了八种不同的细菌菌株，包括革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌（、、、、、、、和）。对于化感效应，选择了两个模型系统：萝卜种子（L.）的萌发和苔藓（Hedw.）中孢子的萌发。所有品种的精油对所有菌株均表现出显著的抗菌作用，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）在16 - 256μg/mL范围内。柠檬烯表现出最高活性，MIC在4 - 16之间。化感效应表现为萝卜种子发芽率、根和胚轴生长百分比下降，以及苔藓孢子萌发率大幅降低，原丝体发育发生改变。柠檬烯表现出相同但更强的化感活性。
