Astakhova Ekaterina A, Baranov Konstantin O, Shilova Nadezhda V, Polyakova Svetlana M, Zuev Evgeniy V, Poteryaev Dmitry A, Taranin Alexander V, Filatov Alexander V
Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Dec 2;12(12):1362. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121362.
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of new vaccines and methods of testing vaccine-induced immunity. Despite the extensive research that has been conducted on the level of specific antibodies, less attention has been paid to studying the avidity of these antibodies. The avidity of serum antibodies is associated with a vaccine showing high effectiveness and reflects the process of affinity maturation. In the context of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2, only a limited number of studies have investigated the avidity of antibodies, often solely focusing on the wild-type virus following vaccination. This study provides new insights into the avidity of serum antibodies following adenovirus-based boosters. We focused on the effects of an intranasal Salnavac booster, which is compared, using a single analytical platform, to an intramuscular Sputnik V.
The avidity of RBD-specific IgGs and IgAs was investigated through ELISA using urea and biolayer interferometry.
The results demonstrated the similar avidities of serum antibodies, which were induced by both vaccines for six months post-booster. However, an increase in antibody avidity was observed for the wild-type and Delta variants, but not for the BA.4/5 variant.
Collectively, our data provide the insights into antibody avidity maturation after the adenovirus-based vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
新冠疫情促使新型疫苗及检测疫苗诱导免疫方法迅速发展。尽管针对特异性抗体水平已开展大量研究，但对这些抗体亲和力的研究较少。血清抗体的亲和力与显示高效力的疫苗相关，并反映亲和力成熟过程。在针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的疫苗背景下，仅有有限数量的研究调查了抗体的亲和力，且往往仅关注接种疫苗后的野生型病毒。本研究为基于腺病毒的加强针接种后血清抗体的亲和力提供了新见解。我们重点研究了鼻内接种Salnavac加强针的效果，并使用单一分析平台将其与肌肉注射的Sputnik V进行比较。
通过使用尿素的酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）和生物层干涉术研究受体结合域（RBD）特异性免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和免疫球蛋白A（IgA）的亲和力。
结果表明，两种疫苗加强接种后六个月诱导产生的血清抗体亲和力相似。然而，观察到针对野生型和德尔塔变体的抗体亲和力增加，但针对BA.4/5变体的抗体亲和力未增加。
总体而言，我们的数据为基于腺病毒的抗SARS-CoV-2疫苗接种后的抗体亲和力成熟提供了见解。
