Godkov Mikhail A, Ogarkova Darya A, Gushchin Vladimir A, Kleymenov Denis A, Mazunina Elena P, Bykonia Evgeniia N, Pochtovyi Andrei A, Shustov Valeriy V, Shcheblyakov Dmitry V, Komarov Andrey G, Tsibin Alexander N, Zlobin Vladimir I, Logunov Denis Y, Gintsburg Alexander L
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics of N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine, Moscow 129090, Russia.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of FSBEI FPE "Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125993, Russia.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Dec 30;11(1):90. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11010090.
Vaccination against COVID-19 has occurred in Russia for more than two years. According to the Russian official clinical guidelines to maintain tense immunity in the conditions of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to use booster immunization six months after primary vaccination or a previous COVID-19 contraction. It is especially important to ensure the maintenance of protective immunity in the elderly, who are at risk of severe courses of COVID-19. Meanwhile, the immunological effectiveness of the booster doses has not been sufficiently substantiated. To investigate the immunogenicity of Sputnik V within the recommended revaccination regimen and evaluate the effectiveness of booster doses, we conducted this study on 3983 samples obtained from individuals previously vaccinated with Sputnik V in Moscow. We analyzed the level of antibodies in BAU/mL three times: (i) six months after primary immunization immediately before the booster (RV), (ii) 3 weeks after the introduction of the first component of the booster (RV1), and (iii) 3 weeks after the introduction of the second component of the booster (RV2). Six months after the primary vaccination with Sputnik V, 95.5% of patients maintained a positive level of IgG antibodies to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2. The degree of increase in the specific virus-neutralizing antibodies level after revaccination increased with a decrease in their initial level just before the booster dose application. In the group of people with the level of antibodies up to 100 BAU/mL six months after the vaccination, a more than eightfold increase (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon criterion with Bonferroni adjustment) in the level of specific antibodies was observed (Me = 8.84 (IQR: 3.63−30.61)). A significant increase in the IgG level after receiving both the first and the second booster doses occurred at the initial titer level up to 300 BAU/ mL (p < 0.001) in those who did not contract COVID-19 in the past and up to 100 BAU/mL (p < 0.001) in those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. A significant increase in the antibody level after the first dose of the booster was noted for people who had up to 500 BAU/mL (p < 0.05), regardless of the previous COVID-19 infection. Thus, revaccination is most effective in individuals with an antibody level below 500 BAU/mL, regardless of the vaccinee age and COVID-19 contraction. For the first time, it has been shown that a single booster dose of the Sputnik vaccine is sufficient to form a protective immunity in most vaccinees regardless of age and preexisting antibody level.
俄罗斯开展新冠疫苗接种已逾两年。根据俄罗斯官方临床指南，为在新冠疫情持续的情况下维持强大免疫力，在初次接种疫苗或先前感染新冠病毒六个月后，有必要进行加强免疫。确保老年人维持保护性免疫力尤为重要，因为他们面临新冠病毒重症病程的风险。与此同时，加强针的免疫效果尚未得到充分证实。为研究卫星V疫苗在推荐的再接种方案中的免疫原性，并评估加强针的效果，我们对从莫斯科先前接种过卫星V疫苗的个人采集的3983份样本进行了此项研究。我们分三次分析了每毫升国际单位（BAU/mL）的抗体水平：（i）初次免疫六个月后，即将进行加强针接种（RV）之前；（ii）接种加强针第一针成分三周后（RV1）；（iii）接种加强针第二针成分三周后（RV2）。在初次接种卫星V疫苗六个月后，95.5%的患者对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）受体结合域（RBD）的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体水平呈阳性。再接种后特异性病毒中和抗体水平的升高程度随着加强针接种前初始水平的降低而增加。在接种疫苗六个月后抗体水平高达100 BAU/mL的人群组中，观察到特异性抗体水平有超过八倍的升高（p < 0.001，采用Bonferroni校正的Wilcoxon检验标准）（中位数=8.84（四分位距：3.63−30.61））。在过去未感染新冠病毒的人群中，初始滴度水平高达300 BAU/mL时，以及在先前感染过SARS-CoV-2的人群中，初始滴度水平高达100 BAU/mL时，接种第一针和第二针加强针后IgG水平均显著升高（p < 0.001）。无论先前是否感染过新冠病毒，抗体水平高达500 BAU/mL的人群在接种第一剂加强针后抗体水平显著升高（p < 0.05）。因此，无论接种者年龄和是否感染过新冠病毒，再接种对抗体水平低于500 BAU/mL的个体最为有效。首次表明，单剂卫星疫苗加强针足以在大多数接种者中形成保护性免疫力，无论其年龄和既往抗体水平如何。
