Laboratory of Immunochemistry, National Research Center Institute of Immunology, Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 22;24(13):10493. doi: 10.3390/ijms241310493.
The rapid emergence of evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants is an ongoing challenge for COVID-19 vaccinology. Traditional virus neutralization tests provide detailed datasets of neutralization titers against the viral variants. Such datasets are difficult to interpret and do not immediately inform of the sufficiency of the breadth of the antibody response. Some of these issues could be tackled using the antigenic cartography approach. In this study, we created antigenic maps using neutralization titers of sera from donors who received the Sputnik V booster vaccine after primary Sputnik V vaccination and compared them with the antigenic maps based on serum neutralization titers of Comirnaty-boosted donors. A traditional analysis of neutralization titers against the WT (wild-type), Alpha, Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, and BA.4/BA.5 variants showed a significant booster humoral response after both homologous (Sputnik V) and heterologous (Comirnaty) revaccinations against all of the studied viral variants. However, despite this, a more in-depth analysis using antigenic cartography revealed that Omicron variants remain antigenically distant from the WT, which is indicative of the formation of insufficient levels of cross-neutralizing antibodies. The implications of these findings may be significant when developing a new vaccine regimen.
逃避性 SARS-CoV-2 变种的快速出现是 COVID-19 疫苗学的一个持续挑战。传统的病毒中和测试提供了针对病毒变种的中和滴度的详细数据集。这些数据集难以解释，并且不能立即说明抗体反应的广度是否足够。抗原图谱方法可以解决其中的一些问题。在这项研究中，我们使用接受过 Sputnik V 加强疫苗接种的供体血清的中和滴度创建了抗原图谱，并将其与基于 Comirnaty 加强供体血清中和滴度的抗原图谱进行了比较。对 WT（野生型）、Alpha、Beta、Delta、Omicron BA.1 和 BA.4/BA.5 变体的中和滴度进行的传统分析表明，针对所有研究的病毒变体，同源（Sputnik V）和异源（Comirnaty）加强接种后均产生了显著的体液免疫反应。然而，尽管如此，使用抗原图谱进行更深入的分析表明，Omicron 变体仍然与 WT 具有明显的抗原差异，这表明形成了不足够水平的交叉中和抗体。当制定新的疫苗方案时，这些发现的意义可能是重大的。
