Gurkšnienė Vilija, Alčauskas Tadas, Majauskaitė Fausta, Jančorienė Ligita
Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, 03101 Vilnius, Lithuania.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Dec 16;12(12):1419. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12121419.
Given that COVID-19 vaccination is a relatively recent development, particularly when compared to immunisation against other diseases, it is crucial to assess its efficacy in vaccinated populations. This literature review analysed studies that monitored antibody titres against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers who received COVID-19 vaccines. Using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparators, Outcomes) model recommended in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines we included 43 publications which analyse antibody dynamics following primary vaccination, the effects of booster doses, and the influence of factors such as COVID-19C infection, age, and sex on antibody kinetics. All the studies demonstrated a strong immunogenic response to the vaccines. Re-gardless of the vaccine used, over 95% of the pre-vaccination seronegative population be-came seropositive in all studies. Depending on the sampling intervals provided by the re-searchers, antibody levels were quantitatively highest during the first three months after vaccination, but levels inevitably declined over time. The monthly decline in antibodies observed in all these studies highlighted the necessity for booster doses. Studies analysing the impact of revaccination on antibody dynamics have confirmed that revaccination is an effective tool to boost humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2. An-tibodies appear to persist for a longer period of time after revaccination, although they are subject to similar factors influencing antibody dynamics, such as age, comorbidities, and exposure to COVID-19. In addition, heterogeneous revaccination strategies have been shown to be more effective than homogeneous revaccination. Our review demonstrated that antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 inevitably decline after vaccination, leaving the question of ongoing booster strategies open. The studies reviewed provided evidence of the effectiveness of booster vaccination, despite differences in age, sex, and prior COVID-19 infection. This suggests that repeated vaccination remains a highly effective method for mitigating the continued threat posed by COVID-19.
鉴于新冠病毒疫苗接种是一项相对较新的进展，尤其是与针对其他疾病的免疫接种相比，评估其在接种人群中的疗效至关重要。这篇文献综述分析了监测接种新冠病毒疫苗的医护人员体内抗SARS-CoV-2抗体滴度的研究。我们使用PRISMA（系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目）指南中推荐的PICO（人群、干预措施、对照、结局）模型，纳入了43篇分析初次接种疫苗后抗体动态、加强剂量的效果以及新冠病毒感染、年龄和性别等因素对抗体动力学影响的出版物。所有研究均表明疫苗具有强烈的免疫原性反应。在所有研究中，无论使用何种疫苗，超过95%的接种前血清阴性人群均转为血清阳性。根据研究人员提供的采样间隔，抗体水平在接种后的前三个月内定量最高，但随着时间的推移水平不可避免地下降。所有这些研究中观察到的抗体每月下降情况凸显了加强剂量的必要性。分析再次接种对抗体动态影响的研究证实，再次接种是增强针对SARS-CoV-2体液免疫的有效工具。再次接种后抗体似乎持续存在的时间更长，尽管它们受到影响抗体动态的类似因素影响，如年龄、合并症和接触新冠病毒。此外，已证明异质性再次接种策略比同质性再次接种更有效。我们的综述表明，接种疫苗后抗SARS-CoV-2抗体水平不可避免地下降，这使得持续加强策略的问题悬而未决。尽管在年龄、性别和既往新冠病毒感染方面存在差异，但所综述的研究提供了加强疫苗接种有效性的证据。这表明重复接种仍然是减轻新冠病毒持续威胁的一种非常有效的方法。
