Halabitska Iryna, Petakh Pavlo, Lushchak Oleh, Kamyshna Iryna, Oksenych Valentyn, Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Department of Therapy and Family Medicine, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Voli Square, 1, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine.
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, 88017 Uzhhorod, Ukraine.
Viruses. 2024 Dec 18;16(12):1938. doi: 10.3390/v16121938.
Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic medication, has emerged as a promising broad-spectrum antiviral agent due to its ability to modulate cellular pathways essential for viral replication. By activating AMPK, metformin depletes cellular energy reserves that viruses rely on, effectively limiting the replication of pathogens such as influenza, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, HBV, and HCV. Its role in inhibiting the mTOR pathway, crucial for viral protein synthesis and reactivation, is particularly significant in managing infections caused by HIV, CMV, and EBV. Furthermore, metformin reduces oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are critical for replicating arboviruses such as Zika and dengue. The drug also regulates immune responses, cellular differentiation, and inflammation, disrupting the life cycle of HPV and potentially other viruses. These diverse mechanisms suppress viral replication, enhance immune system functionality, and contribute to better clinical outcomes. This multifaceted approach highlights metformin's potential as an adjunctive therapy in treating a wide range of viral infections.
二甲双胍是一种广泛使用的抗糖尿病药物，由于其能够调节病毒复制所必需的细胞途径，已成为一种有前景的广谱抗病毒药物。通过激活AMPK，二甲双胍耗尽病毒所依赖的细胞能量储备，有效限制流感、艾滋病毒、SARS-CoV-2、乙肝病毒和丙肝病毒等病原体的复制。其在抑制对病毒蛋白合成和再激活至关重要的mTOR途径方面的作用，在管理由艾滋病毒、巨细胞病毒和EB病毒引起的感染方面尤为重要。此外，二甲双胍可降低氧化应激和活性氧（ROS），这对寨卡病毒和登革热等虫媒病毒的复制至关重要。该药物还调节免疫反应、细胞分化和炎症，破坏人乳头瘤病毒及可能其他病毒的生命周期。这些多样的机制抑制病毒复制，增强免疫系统功能，并有助于获得更好的临床结果。这种多方面的方法突出了二甲双胍作为治疗多种病毒感染辅助疗法的潜力。
