Buchynskyi Mykhailo, Kamyshna Iryna, Halabitska Iryna, Petakh Pavlo, Kunduzova Oksana, Oksenych Valentyn, Kamyshnyi Oleksandr
Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Apr 25;16:1577724. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1577724. eCollection 2025.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation and subsequent inflammation. This condition is closely linked to metabolic syndrome and obesity, with its prevalence rising due to sedentary lifestyles and high-calorie diets. The pathogenesis of MAFLD involves multiple factors, including insulin resistance, lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in MAFLD development, with dysbiosis contributing to liver inflammation through various mechanisms, such as enhanced intestinal permeability and the translocation of bacterial products like lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids, influence hepatic function and immune responses, with potential implications for disease progression. Specific gut microbiome signatures have been identified in MAFLD patients, offering potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Moreover, gut-derived toxins, such as endotoxins, lipopolysaccharides, trimethylamine-N-oxide and bacterial metabolites, significantly influence liver damage and inflammation, highlighting the complex interplay between the gut microbiome and hepatic health. This review comprehensively examines the complex interplay between the gut microbiota and MAFLD, focusing on underlying pathogenic mechanisms, potential biomarkers, and emerging microbiome-targeted therapeutic strategies for disease management.
代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MAFLD）是一种复杂的代谢紊乱疾病，其特征为肝脏脂质蓄积及随后的炎症反应。这种疾病与代谢综合征和肥胖密切相关，由于久坐不动的生活方式和高热量饮食，其患病率正在上升。MAFLD的发病机制涉及多种因素，包括胰岛素抵抗、脂毒性、氧化应激和炎症反应。肠道微生物群在MAFLD的发展中起关键作用，微生物群失调通过多种机制导致肝脏炎症，如增强肠道通透性以及细菌产物如脂多糖（LPS）的易位。微生物代谢产物，包括短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）和胆汁酸，影响肝脏功能和免疫反应，对疾病进展具有潜在影响。在MAFLD患者中已鉴定出特定的肠道微生物群特征，提供了潜在的诊断和治疗靶点。此外，肠道来源的毒素，如内毒素、脂多糖、氧化三甲胺和细菌代谢产物，显著影响肝脏损伤和炎症，突出了肠道微生物群与肝脏健康之间的复杂相互作用。这篇综述全面探讨了肠道微生物群与MAFLD之间的复杂相互作用，重点关注潜在的致病机制、潜在的生物标志物以及针对微生物群的新兴疾病管理治疗策略。
