Thomas Jason V, Davy Brenda M, Winett Richard A, Depner Christopher M, Drummond Micah J, Estabrooks Paul A, Hardikar Sheetal, Ou Zhining, Shen Jincheng, Halliday Tanya M
Department of Health and Kinesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States.
Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2025 Feb 1;138(2):439-449. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00507.2024. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
The objective of this study was to explore whether the time of day (AM vs. PM) resistance exercise is performed influences glucose and insulin concentrations, body composition, and muscular strength in adults with prediabetes. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the "Resist Diabetes" study, a phase II exercise intervention. Participants (age: 59.9 ± 5.4 yr; BMI: 33 ± 3.7 kg/m) with prediabetes and overweight or obesity were categorized into AM ( = 73) or PM ( = 80) exercisers based on when they completed all of their supervised exercise sessions during a 12-wk, 2×/wk resistance exercise intervention. Blood glucose and insulin derived from oral glucose tolerance tests, body composition, and muscular strength were assessed pre- and post resistance exercise training. Inverse propensity score weighting approach was used to estimate the efficacy of AM versus PM exercise on the change of clinical responses. Paired samples test was used to compare pre-/post-outcomes within AM and PM groups. No differences between AM and PM exercisers were detected in the change in glucose or insulin area under the curve (AUC), body composition, or muscular strength. When exploring within-group changes, PM exercisers reduced glucose AUC (change: -800.6 mg/dL·120 min; = 0.01), whereas no significant change was detected for AM exercisers (change: -426.9 mg/dL·120 min; = 0.26). Only AM exercisers increased fat-free mass (change: 0.6 kg; = 0.001). The time of day resistance exercise is performed may have some impact on glucose concentrations and body composition response. Future randomized clinical trials are needed to understand how exercise timing influences cardiometabolic outcomes in at-risk adults. In this secondary analysis, there was no difference between AM and PM exercisers in blood glucose, insulin, body composition, or muscular strength following 12 wk of supervised exercise. However, examining within-group changes, glucose area under the curve (AUC) was significantly reduced in PM exercisers, but not in AM exercisers.
本研究的目的是探讨在患有糖尿病前期的成年人中，进行抗阻运动的时间（上午与下午）是否会影响血糖和胰岛素浓度、身体成分以及肌肉力量。使用来自“抵抗糖尿病”研究（一项II期运动干预研究）的数据进行了二次数据分析。患有糖尿病前期且超重或肥胖的参与者（年龄：59.9±5.4岁；体重指数：33±3.7kg/m²）根据他们在为期12周、每周2次的抗阻运动干预期间完成所有监督运动课程的时间，被分为上午锻炼组（n = 73）或下午锻炼组（n = 80）。在抗阻运动训练前后，评估了口服葡萄糖耐量试验得出的血糖和胰岛素、身体成分以及肌肉力量。采用逆倾向评分加权法来估计上午运动与下午运动对临床反应变化的效果。使用配对样本t检验来比较上午组和下午组内的训练前后结果。在曲线下血糖或胰岛素面积（AUC）的变化、身体成分或肌肉力量方面，未检测到上午锻炼者和下午锻炼者之间存在差异。在探究组内变化时，下午锻炼者的血糖AUC降低（变化：-800.6mg/dL·120分钟；P = 0.01），而上午锻炼者未检测到显著变化（变化：-426.9mg/dL·120分钟；P = 0.26）。只有上午锻炼者增加了去脂体重（变化：0.6kg；P = 0.001）。进行抗阻运动的时间可能会对血糖浓度和身体成分反应产生一些影响。需要未来的随机临床试验来了解运动时间如何影响高危成年人的心脏代谢结局。在这项二次分析中，经过12周的监督运动后，上午锻炼者和下午锻炼者在血糖、胰岛素、身体成分或肌肉力量方面没有差异。然而，在检查组内变化时，下午锻炼者的曲线下葡萄糖面积（AUC）显著降低，而上午锻炼者则没有。
