Qin Niping, Fan Yangyan, Yang Tao, Yang Zhiping, Fan Daiming
First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Scholl of Management of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
The First Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, China.
Biomark Res. 2025 Jan 7;13(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40364-024-00720-8.
Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global health challenge, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, particularly in East Asia. A comprehensive understanding of the disease burden of gastric cancer is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. However, comprehensive global assessments of the disease burden of gastric cancer remain limited. This study, based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework, systematically analyzes global trends in gastric cancer from 1990 to 2021 and projects future trends through 2035, aiming to provide scientific evidence for policymaking.
The data were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, covering gastric cancer (GC) incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs), age-standardized death rates (ASDRs), and age-standardized DALY rates (ASRs) across 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2021. The Bayesian age-period-cohort model was employed to project trends up to 2035.
In comparison with 1990, both the incidence and mortality of GC rose in 2021, with over 1.23 million new cases recorded globally, resulting in 954,373.60 deaths and 22,786,633.10 DALYs. Between 1990 and 2021, the ASIRs, ASDRs, and ASRs decreased by 42% (ranging from 49 to 35%), 49% (ranging from 55 to 43%), and 53% (ranging from 58 to 47%), respectively. The peak ASIRs and ASDRs in 2021 were seen in the high-middle SDI quintile. Males exhibited higher rates of ASDRs, ASIRs, and ASRs compared to females. In 2021, East Asia and high-income North America bore the largest burden of smoking-related GC, while Central Europe experienced the highest burden from high-sodium diets. Forecasts toward 2035 indicate a continued decline in both ASIRs and ASDRs.
Despite notable reductions in both incidence and mortality, GC remains a substantial global burden, affecting various regions and countries. Deaths and DALYs related to high-sodium diets and smoking have shown an overall decline. However, substantial regional and age-related disparities persist. Targeted interventions, such as smoking control and promoting the intake of fresh fruits and vegetables, are essential in diminishing GC risk.
胃癌仍是一项重大的全球健康挑战，其发病率和死亡率居高不下，在东亚地区尤为突出。全面了解胃癌的疾病负担对于制定有效的预防和治疗策略至关重要。然而，对胃癌疾病负担的全面全球评估仍然有限。本研究基于全球疾病负担（GBD）框架，系统分析了1990年至2021年全球胃癌趋势，并预测了到2035年的未来趋势，旨在为政策制定提供科学依据。
数据来源于《2021年全球疾病负担研究》，涵盖了1990年至2021年204个国家和地区的胃癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整生命年（DALYs）、年龄标准化发病率（ASIRs）、年龄标准化死亡率（ASDRs）和年龄标准化DALY率（ASRs）。采用贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测至2035年的趋势。
与1990年相比，2021年胃癌的发病率和死亡率均有所上升，全球记录的新发病例超过123万例，导致954373.60例死亡和22786633.10个伤残调整生命年。1990年至2021年期间，年龄标准化发病率、年龄标准化死亡率和年龄标准化DALY率分别下降了42%（从49%降至35%）、49%（从55%降至43%）和53%（从58%降至47%）。2021年年龄标准化发病率和年龄标准化死亡率的峰值出现在高中等社会人口指数五分位数组。男性的年龄标准化死亡率、年龄标准化发病率和年龄标准化DALY率高于女性。2021年，东亚和高收入北美地区承担了与吸烟相关胃癌的最大负担，而中欧地区高钠饮食导致的负担最高。对2035年的预测表明年龄标准化发病率和年龄标准化死亡率将持续下降。
尽管发病率和死亡率显著下降，但胃癌仍是一项重大的全球负担，影响着各个地区和国家。与高钠饮食和吸烟相关的死亡和伤残调整生命年总体呈下降趋势。然而，地区和年龄相关的巨大差异依然存在。有针对性的干预措施，如控烟和促进新鲜水果和蔬菜的摄入，对于降低胃癌风险至关重要。
