Yu Bing, Liang Xiaofeng, Wan Gexiao, Nie Hanhui, Liu Hongfang, Xie Lingfeng, He Liya, Yuan Juanna, Chen Xinsheng, Mo Dongdong, Fan Ruiqiang, Xie Ting
The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.
Arch Dermatol Res. 2025 Jan 8;317(1):203. doi: 10.1007/s00403-024-03757-9.
The skin serves as a crucial barrier against microbial invasion, but breaches in this barrier can lead to infectious skin diseases (ISD). ISD, including bacterial (BSD), fungal (FSD) and viral Skin Disease (VSD), pose significant global health challenges. Age-standardized and age specific incidence, prevalence, and lived with disability (YLDs) data for ISD were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) and demographic data from the United Nations. We utilized linear regression to analyze the prevalence trends and the Average Annual Percentage Change (AAPC) for BSD, FSD and VSD. Log transformation of prevalence rates addressed heteroscedasticity. Cross-national inequality was assessed using concentration and slope indices based on SDI. From the prevalence perspective, FSD continues to rank first, with a prevalence rate of 7789.55 (95% CI 7059.28 to 8583.54) in 2021. Interestingly, VSD overtakes BSD, with a prevalence rate of 1781.31 (95% CI 1733.08 to 1835.16), while BSD has a prevalence rate of 473.98 (95% CI 463.37 to 484.64). Next, looking at YLDs, VSD rises to the first position in 2021, with YLDs rate of 54.77 (95% CI 34.83 to 81.77). FSD comes next, with YLDs rate of 43.39 (95% CI 17.79 to 89.10). Lastly, BSD has YLDs rate of 4.21 (95% CI 2.36 to 7.20). The rate of YLDs for FSD is primarily concentrated among the elderly, while VSD are concentrated among children. There is no significant difference for BSD. The burden is greater for males than females. The prevalence of BSD and FSD is negatively correlated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), with the burden primarily concentrated in low SDI countries. VSD shows a positive correlation, mainly concentrated in high SDI countries. We discovered that the global impact of ISD remains significant. Both BSD and FSD are increasing, while VSD are decreasing. FSD is more common among the elderly, whereas VSD predominantly affects children. BSD and FSD are primarily found in less developed areas such as Africa, whereas VSD is more prevalent in developed regions like Europe and North America. ISD cases are also increasing in the Middle East and South America. To reduce the burden of ISD, it is crucial to improve global hygiene standards, boost vaccination rates against viruses, and strictly regulate the use of antimicrobial drugs.
皮肤是抵御微生物入侵的关键屏障，但这一屏障的破损可能导致感染性皮肤病（ISD）。ISD包括细菌性皮肤病（BSD）、真菌性皮肤病（FSD）和病毒性皮肤病（VSD），对全球健康构成重大挑战。ISD的年龄标准化发病率、特定年龄发病率、患病率和伤残损失生命年（YLDs）数据来自《2021年全球疾病负担研究》（GBD 2021），人口数据来自联合国。我们利用线性回归分析了BSD、FSD和VSD的患病率趋势以及年均百分比变化（AAPC）。患病率的对数变换解决了异方差问题。基于社会人口指数（SDI），使用集中度和斜率指数评估跨国不平等。从患病率来看，FSD继续排名第一，2021年的患病率为7789.55（95%置信区间7059.28至8583.54）。有趣的是，VSD超过了BSD，患病率为1781.31（95%置信区间1733.08至1835.16），而BSD的患病率为473.98（95%置信区间463.37至484.64）。接下来，看YLDs，VSD在2021年升至首位，YLDs率为54.77（95%置信区间34.83至81.77）。FSD次之，YLDs率为43.39（95%置信区间17.79至89.10）。最后，BSD的YLDs率为4.21（95%置信区间2.36至7.20）。FSD的YLDs率主要集中在老年人中，而VSD集中在儿童中。BSD没有显著差异。男性的负担比女性更大。BSD和FSD的患病率与社会人口指数（SDI）呈负相关，负担主要集中在低SDI国家。VSD呈正相关，主要集中在高SDI国家。我们发现ISD的全球影响仍然很大。BSD和FSD都在增加，而VSD在减少。FSD在老年人中更常见，而VSD主要影响儿童。BSD和FSD主要出现在非洲等欠发达地区，而VSD在欧洲和北美等发达地区更为普遍。中东和南美洲的ISD病例也在增加。为了减轻ISD的负担，提高全球卫生标准、提高病毒疫苗接种率以及严格规范抗菌药物的使用至关重要。
