Kurhaluk Natalia, Grudniewska Joanna, Tkaczenko Halina
Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
Department of Salmonid Research, Stanisław Sakowicz Institute of Inland Fisheries, 83-330 Rutki, Żukowo, Poland.
J Vet Res. 2024 Nov 22;68(4):599-610. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0064. eCollection 2024 Dec.
The grayling ( L.) has several advantages over other fish species that make it attractive for aquaculture and invest it with importance for food security. The study assessed the effects of a β-glucan-enriched diet on biomarkers of oxidative stress, energy metabolism and lysosomal function in muscle tissue of European grayling ( L.).
Sixty-six grayling weighing approximately 34 g were divided into equal control and experimental groups. A basal diet was fed to the control group and a β-glucan-enriched one was fed to the experimental group for 45 d. Lipid peroxidation (LP) level; oxidative protein modification (OPM); total antioxidant status (TAS); and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate (LDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), alanyl aminopeptidase, leucyl aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase (AcP) and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activities were assessed in the muscle tissue of fish euthanised after 15, 30 and 45 d of feeding.
The β-glucan supplementation reduced LP, attenuated OPM and improved the TAS in muscle tissue. Increased SOD and CAT activity and maintenance of GPx activity in muscle tissue were the main mediators of these effects. They also affected energy metabolism through modulation of key enzymes and metabolites, including ALT, AST, LDH, SDH, AcP and NAG activity, and altered lactate and pyruvate levels. Multivariate analysis of variance, supported by high F-values and low P-values indicating statistical significance, highlighted the significant effect of β-glucans and feeding duration on markers of oxidative stress, antioxidant defences and TAS.
B-glucans altered the balance between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, reduced OPM and modulated the transaminase response, affecting amino acid metabolism and the production of Krebs cycle intermediates.
河鲈（L.）相较于其他鱼类具有若干优势，这使其对水产养殖具有吸引力，并对粮食安全具有重要意义。本研究评估了富含β-葡聚糖的饲料对欧洲河鲈（L.）肌肉组织中氧化应激、能量代谢和溶酶体功能生物标志物的影响。
将66条体重约34克的河鲈分为数量相等的对照组和实验组。对照组投喂基础饲料，实验组投喂富含β-葡聚糖的饲料，持续45天。在投喂15、30和45天后对安乐死的鱼的肌肉组织评估脂质过氧化（LP）水平、氧化蛋白修饰（OPM）、总抗氧化状态（TAS）以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽还原酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）、丙氨酰氨基肽酶、亮氨酰氨基肽酶、酸性磷酸酶（AcP）和β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）的活性。
补充β-葡聚糖降低了肌肉组织中的LP，减轻了OPM并改善了TAS。肌肉组织中SOD和CAT活性的增加以及GPx活性的维持是这些作用的主要介导因素。它们还通过调节关键酶和代谢物影响能量代谢，包括ALT、AST、LDH、SDH、AcP和NAG活性，并改变了乳酸和丙酮酸水平。方差多变量分析显示，高F值和低P值表明具有统计学意义，突出了β-葡聚糖和投喂持续时间对氧化应激、抗氧化防御和TAS标志物的显著影响。
β-葡聚糖改变了有氧代谢和无氧代谢之间的平衡，降低了OPM并调节了转氨酶反应，影响氨基酸代谢和三羧酸循环中间产物的产生。
