Zhao Rui, Meng Xiang, Pan Zixian, Li Yongjia, Qian Hui, Zhu Xiangdong, Yang Xiao, Zhang Xingdong
School of Medicine, Department of Inspection, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
Regen Biomater. 2024 Nov 5;12:rbae129. doi: 10.1093/rb/rbae129. eCollection 2025.
Nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) is distinguished by its exceptional biocompatibility, bioactivity and biodegradability, qualities attributed to its similarity to the mineral component of human bone. This review discusses the synthesis techniques of nHA, highlighting how these methods shape its physicochemical attributes and, in turn, its utility in biomedical applications. The versatility of nHA is further enhanced by doping with biologically significant ions like magnesium or zinc, which can improve its bioactivity and confer therapeutic properties. Notably, nHA-based composites, incorporating metal, polymeric and bioceramic scaffolds, exhibit enhanced osteoconductivity and osteoinductivity. In orthopedic field, nHA and its composites serve effectively as bone graft substitutes, showing exceptional osteointegration and vascularization capabilities. In dentistry, these materials contribute to enamel remineralization, mitigate tooth sensitivity and are employed in surface modification of dental implants. For cancer therapy, nHA composites offer a promising strategy to inhibit tumor growth while sparing healthy tissues. Furthermore, nHA-based composites are emerging as sophisticated platforms with high surface ratio for the delivery of drugs and bioactive substances, gradually releasing therapeutic agents for progressive treatment benefits. Overall, this review delineates the synthesis, modifications and applications of nHA in various biomedical fields, shed light on the future advancements in biomaterials research.
纳米羟基磷灰石（nHA）以其卓越的生物相容性、生物活性和生物降解性而著称，这些特性归因于它与人体骨骼矿物质成分的相似性。本综述讨论了nHA的合成技术，重点介绍了这些方法如何塑造其物理化学属性，进而影响其在生物医学应用中的效用。通过掺杂镁或锌等具有生物学意义的离子，nHA的多功能性进一步增强，这可以提高其生物活性并赋予其治疗特性。值得注意的是，基于nHA的复合材料，包括金属、聚合物和生物陶瓷支架，表现出增强的骨传导性和骨诱导性。在骨科领域，nHA及其复合材料有效地用作骨移植替代物，表现出卓越的骨整合和血管化能力。在牙科领域，这些材料有助于牙釉质再矿化，减轻牙齿敏感性，并用于牙科植入物的表面改性。对于癌症治疗，nHA复合材料提供了一种有前景的策略，可在保护健康组织的同时抑制肿瘤生长。此外，基于nHA的复合材料正在成为具有高表面积比的复杂平台，用于药物和生物活性物质的递送，逐渐释放治疗剂以获得渐进性的治疗益处。总体而言，本综述阐述了nHA在各种生物医学领域的合成、改性和应用，为生物材料研究的未来进展提供了启示。
