Yu Yong, Xiao Fuqun, Xia Mengqiu, Huang Liman, Liu Xiaohu, Tang Wenyu, Gong Xue
School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China.
Western Urban and Rural Integration Development Institute, Guilin, China.
Front Psychol. 2024 Dec 24;15:1422144. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1422144. eCollection 2024.
Smoking is highly prevalent among HIV-infected individuals and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies on smoking among HIV-infected individuals in China, especially compared to uninfected individuals, are scarce.
This study aimed to investigate and compare the prevalence and factors associated with smoking between HIV-infected and uninfected men in Guilin, China.
A survey was conducted among 1,395 HIV-infected men at Guilin Third People's Hospital from June to December 2022, with a 1:2 age (±1 year) and education-matched control group of 2,790 HIV-uninfected men, whose data were collected from March to August 2023. Both groups completed an online questionnaire on smoking behaviors and relevant characteristics, with a comparative analysis of associated factors conducted using chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regressions.
The rates of former smokers were comparable between HIV-infected and uninfected men [12.3% (95% CI: 10.7-13.9%) vs. 12.0% (95% CI: 10.9-13.1%)], but the current smoking rate was significantly higher in the infected group than in the uninfected group [37.6% (95% CI: 35.2-40.0%) vs. 27.6% (95% CI: 25.9-29.3%), < 0.05]. In both groups, the following factors were significantly associated with smoking: higher income, presence of chronic diseases, negative coping styles, lower social support, and having depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. Additionally, in HIV-infected men, the following factors were exclusively associated with smoking: heterosexual HIV transmission route, lower CD4+ T cell count, longer duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and drug use.
HIV-infected men had higher smoking rates than their uninfected counterparts, indicating that HIV diagnosis may be a critical timing to initiate behavioral changes and deliver smoking cessation interventions. Furthermore, multiple demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors were associated with smoking, indicating the need to develop and implement comprehensive smoking cessation prevention and intervention programs.
吸烟在感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的个体中非常普遍，且与高发病率和高死亡率相关。在中国，针对HIV感染个体吸烟情况的研究，尤其是与未感染个体相比的研究较少。
本研究旨在调查并比较中国桂林HIV感染男性与未感染男性的吸烟流行率及相关因素。
2022年6月至12月，对桂林市第三人民医院的1395名HIV感染男性进行了一项调查，同时设立了一个由2790名未感染HIV男性组成的对照组，该对照组在年龄（±1岁）和教育程度上与病例组相匹配，其数据收集于2023年3月至8月。两组均完成了一份关于吸烟行为及相关特征的在线问卷，并使用卡方检验和多变量逻辑回归对相关因素进行了比较分析。
HIV感染男性和未感染男性的既往吸烟者比例相当[12.3%（95%置信区间：10.7 - 13.9%）对12.0%（95%置信区间：10.9 - 13.1%）]，但感染组的当前吸烟率显著高于未感染组[37.6%（95%置信区间：35.2 - 40.0%）对27.6%（95%置信区间：25.9 - 29.3%），P < 0.05]。在两组中，以下因素与吸烟显著相关：较高收入、患有慢性病、消极应对方式、较低的社会支持以及有抑郁、焦虑和自杀意念。此外，在HIV感染男性中，以下因素与吸烟存在独特关联：异性性传播HIV途径、较低的CD4 + T细胞计数、较长的抗逆转录病毒治疗（ART）时长以及吸毒。
HIV感染男性的吸烟率高于未感染男性，这表明HIV诊断可能是启动行为改变和实施戒烟干预的关键时机。此外，多种人口统计学、临床和社会心理因素与吸烟相关，这表明需要制定和实施全面的戒烟预防和干预计划。
