Moran D T, Jafek B W, Rowley J C, Eller P M
Arch Otolaryngol. 1985 Feb;111(2):122-6. doi: 10.1001/archotol.1985.00800040086013.
Ultrastructural alterations were present in biopsy specimens of olfactory epithelia taken from two patients with anosmia. In both cases, the olfactory epithelia presented a disorganized appearance when viewed by transmission electron microscopy. The number of ciliated olfactory receptors was reduced; few olfactory vesicles were present at the epithelial surface. Where present, the olfactory vesicles usually lacked cilia. Since both patients had a history of head trauma, we speculate that the fila olfactoria may have been severed at the level of the cribriform plate. The histopathologic changes in the olfactory receptors that were revealed by electron microscopy may have resulted from the inability of regenerating axons to reach their normal site of synaptic contact--the second-order neurons (mitral cells) in the olfactory bulb of the brain.
取自两名嗅觉丧失患者的嗅上皮活检标本出现了超微结构改变。在这两个病例中，透射电子显微镜观察显示嗅上皮外观紊乱。纤毛嗅感受器数量减少；上皮表面存在的嗅小泡很少。嗅小泡若存在，通常缺乏纤毛。由于两名患者均有头部外伤史，我们推测嗅丝可能在筛板水平被切断。电子显微镜揭示的嗅感受器组织病理学变化可能是由于再生轴突无法到达其正常突触接触部位——大脑嗅球中的二级神经元（嗅束核细胞）所致。
