Yamagishi M, Okazoe R, Ishizuka Y
Department of Otolaryngology, Ageo Central Hospital, Saitama, Japan.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1994 Apr;103(4 Pt 1):279-84. doi: 10.1177/000348949410300404.
The olfactory mucosa in 7 patients with olfactory disturbance following head trauma were sampled for biopsy with special biopsy forceps and examined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S-100 protein (S-100) antibodies. The residual olfactory receptor cells and nerve bundles were counted, and the degree of degeneration was determined. In 5 patients, olfactory receptor cells that reacted with anti-NSE antiserum remained, although the number varied with the patient, and in 2 patients the receptor cells disappeared. In the lamina propria, the S-100-immunoreactive olfactory nerves were retained in 6 patients. The outcome was poor in all cases regardless of the number of residual receptor cells and nerve bundles. These results indicate that the degree of impairment of the peripheral olfactory region after head trauma differs from case to case, and that even if the receptor cells and nerve bundles remain, it is difficult to improve the condition, although some cases of malingering may be contained.
对7例头部外伤后嗅觉障碍患者的嗅黏膜，用特制活检钳取样进行活检，并用抗神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和S-100蛋白（S-100）抗体进行免疫组织化学染色检查。计数残留的嗅觉受体细胞和神经束，并确定退变程度。5例患者中，虽不同患者数量不同，但仍存在与抗NSE抗血清反应的嗅觉受体细胞，2例患者的受体细胞消失。在固有层，6例患者保留了S-100免疫反应性嗅神经。无论残留受体细胞和神经束数量如何，所有病例的预后均较差。这些结果表明，头部外伤后外周嗅觉区域的损伤程度因病例而异，即使受体细胞和神经束仍然存在，病情也难以改善，尽管可能存在一些诈病病例。
