Graham Amanda, Ettles Steven, McGrath Maureen, Ogunremi Toju, Selkirk Jennifer, Bruce Natalie
Centre for Communicable Disease and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, ON.
Can Commun Dis Rep. 2025 Jan 2;51(1):7-15. doi: 10.14745/ccdr.v51i01a02. eCollection 2025 Jan.
Ugandan health authorities declared an outbreak of Ebola disease (EBOD), caused by the Sudan virus, in September 2022. A rapid review was conducted to update the Public Health Agency of Canada's guidelines for infection prevention and control measures for EBOD in healthcare settings to prepare for potential introduction of cases.
Summarize the available evidence on personal protective equipment (PPE) use by healthcare workers (HCWs) to prevent exposure to and transmission of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), including Ebola virus.
Electronic databases were searched to identify peer-reviewed evidence published from July 2014-October 2022. Peer-reviewed primary studies and literature reviews, in English or French, reporting on PPE for VHFs and filoviruses in the healthcare context were eligible for inclusion. Literature review processes were conducted by two reviewers using DistillerSR® systematic review software and the Public Health Agency of Canada's Infection Prevention and Control Critical Appraisal Toolkit. An environmental scan of grey literature was also conducted to inform the rapid review.
The database search yielded 417 citations and 29 studies were considered eligible for critical appraisal. In total, 20 studies were included in the narrative synthesis of evidence. The evidence base was limited regarding comparative effectiveness of types of PPE for preventing exposure to and transmission of VHFs to HCWs. Four studies reported on exposure to and transmission of a VHF. Sixteen studies provided data on other relevant topics, such as simulated contamination and lab-based tests of PPE integrity.
There is limited evidence with which to draw conclusions on the comparative effectiveness of PPE to prevent exposure to and transmission of VHFs to HCWs. Additional research is required to determine the optimal PPE to protect HCWs from exposure to and transmission of VHFs.
2022年9月，乌干达卫生当局宣布爆发由苏丹病毒引起的埃博拉疾病（EBOD）。开展了一项快速审查，以更新加拿大公共卫生局针对医疗机构中EBOD感染预防与控制措施的指南，为可能出现的病例做准备。
总结医护人员使用个人防护装备（PPE）预防暴露于病毒性出血热（VHF）包括埃博拉病毒并防止其传播的现有证据。
检索电子数据库，以识别2014年7月至2022年10月发表的经过同行评审的证据。纳入在医疗环境中关于VHF和丝状病毒的PPE的英文或法文同行评审的原始研究和文献综述。两名评审员使用DistillerSR®系统综述软件和加拿大公共卫生局的感染预防与控制关键评估工具包进行文献综述过程。还对灰色文献进行了环境扫描，以为快速审查提供信息。
数据库检索产生了417条引文，29项研究被认为符合关键评估的条件。总共有20项研究纳入了证据的叙述性综合。关于不同类型PPE预防医护人员暴露于VHF并防止其传播的比较有效性的证据基础有限。四项研究报告了VHF的暴露和传播情况。十六项研究提供了其他相关主题的数据，如模拟污染和PPE完整性的实验室检测。
关于PPE预防医护人员暴露于VHF并防止其传播的比较有效性，得出结论的证据有限。需要进一步研究以确定保护医护人员免受VHF暴露和传播的最佳PPE。
