Benton Tim G, Harwatt Helen, Høyer-Lund Anne, Meltzer Helle Margrete, Trolle Ellen, Blomhoff Rune
Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, London, UK.
The Norwegian Directorate of Health, Oslo, Norway.
Food Nutr Res. 2024 Dec 27;68. doi: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10453. eCollection 2024.
Assessing the environmental impacts of food, food systems and diets is highly complex due to the multitude of processes involved, the uncertainty in assessment models, the variability in production systems and the large range of products available. No single assessment method alone can provide a complete evidence base. The increasing number of Life Cycle Assessment and food system analyses, and more recently the integration of planetary boundaries offer insights from which we can draw some robust high-level conclusions, whilst recognising there is a need for more detailed analysis to capture the inherent nuances of more location and context-specific situations. Despite the complexity of assessing the environmental sustainability of food, diets and food systems, there are a number of key considerations that could be used to guide this process, and in doing so, they help to increase utility of the outcomes and limit unintended adverse consequences. We identified five key considerations that can be applied (consider the thresholds, consider the system, consider the variables, consider the context and consider the spillover) to ensure assessments are comprehensive.
评估食品、食品系统和饮食对环境的影响极具复杂性，这是因为涉及众多过程、评估模型存在不确定性、生产系统存在变异性以及可供选择的产品种类繁多。没有任何一种单一的评估方法能够提供完整的证据基础。生命周期评估和食品系统分析的数量不断增加，最近行星边界的整合提供了一些见解，从中我们可以得出一些有力的高层次结论，同时认识到需要进行更详细的分析，以捕捉更多特定地点和背景情况的内在细微差别。尽管评估食品、饮食和食品系统的环境可持续性很复杂，但有一些关键考虑因素可用于指导这一过程，这样做有助于提高结果的实用性并限制意外的不良后果。我们确定了五个可应用的关键考虑因素（考虑阈值、考虑系统、考虑变量、考虑背景和考虑溢出效应），以确保评估全面。
