Azhdar Mahtab, Daryabor Alieh, Parchini Pariya, Pashmdarfard Marzieh
Department of Rehabilitation Science, Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Physiotherapy Research Center, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2024 Sep 30;38:112. doi: 10.47176/mjiri.38.112. eCollection 2024.
Aging is an inseparable part of life, accompanied by mild to severe cognitive disorders. This study aimed to investigate the influence of balance-based interventions on cognitive function in older adults, encompassing both healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
A systematic review was conducted by searching multiple databases up to April 2023, and the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist was followed for reporting. Sixteen studies, comprising 1148 participants aged 43 to 89 years, were analyzed. Balance exercises were administered 1 to 3 times per week, lasting 30 to 60 minutes per session. Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. A meta-analysis was conducted for executive functions (Stroop Test) and complex attention (Trail-Making Test, TMT A&B), while other outcomes underwent qualitative analysis.
Qualitative analysis revealed positive effects on specific executive functions and complex attention aspects. However, the meta-analysis did not show significant differences in scores between balance training and control groups, which included healthy adults receiving nonbalance interventions or no intervention.
Limited research and methodological constraints hinder conclusive findings on balance-based interventions for older adults' cognitive functions. Yet, these interventions show the potential to enhance executive function and complex attention, emphasizing the need for further research in disability and rehabilitation.
衰老是生命中不可分割的一部分，伴随着轻度至重度的认知障碍。本研究旨在调查基于平衡的干预措施对老年人认知功能的影响，涵盖健康个体和轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者。
通过检索截至2023年4月的多个数据库进行系统评价，并遵循PRISMA（系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目）清单进行报告。分析了16项研究，包括1148名年龄在43至89岁之间的参与者。平衡训练每周进行1至3次，每次持续30至60分钟。使用唐斯和布莱克清单评估方法学质量。对执行功能（斯特鲁普测试）和复杂注意力（连线测验，TMT A&B）进行Meta分析，而其他结果进行定性分析。
定性分析显示对特定执行功能和复杂注意力方面有积极影响。然而，Meta分析并未显示平衡训练组与对照组（包括接受非平衡干预或无干预的健康成年人）在得分上有显著差异。
有限的研究和方法学限制阻碍了关于基于平衡的干预措施对老年人认知功能的确切结论。然而，这些干预措施显示出增强执行功能和复杂注意力的潜力，强调了在残疾与康复方面进一步研究的必要性。
