Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 2024 Feb;9(1):320-334. doi: 10.1089/can.2022.0020. Epub 2022 Nov 15.
The popularity of edible cannabis products continues to grow in states with legal cannabis access, but few studies have investigated the acute effects of these commercially available products. The present study sought to explore the effects of three commercially available edible products with different levels of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). A sample of regular cannabis users (=99) were evaluated. Fifty participants completed the study procedures in-person, whereas 49 participants completed the study procedures remotely via Zoom. Subjective effects and plasma cannabinoid levels (in-person participants only) were assessed before and 2 h after participants selfadministered one of three products : a THC-dominant edible product, a CBD-dominant edible product, or a THC+CBD edible product. At the 2-h post-use assessment, among in-person participants, plasma THC and CBD levels were robustly correlated with self-reported milligrams of THC and CBD consumed, respectively. Across all three conditions, in-person and remote participants experienced (1) an increase in subjective intoxication and elation, (2) a decrease in tension, and (3) no change in paranoia from pre-use to post-use. At post-use, participants who used a CBD product reported less intoxication relative to participants who used a THC+CBD or THC-only product. Participants who used a THC+CBD product reported consuming less THC-and displayed lower plasma THC levels (in-person participants)-relative to participants who used a THC-only product, despite reporting similar levels of positive (intoxication, elation, liking) and psychotomimetic (paranoia, tension) effects. Psychotomimetic effects were very low among both in-person and remote participants across all three conditions, and there were no post-use differences across conditions. Findings suggest that experienced users who consumed a THC+CBD product reported similar levels of positive and psychotomimetic effects relative to those who consumed a THC-only product, despite consuming less THC and displaying lower plasma THC concentrations. Given the potential harms associated with acute cannabis reward and long-term THC exposure, further research is needed to establish whether edible cannabis products with CBD pose less risk to users. Future studies should examine whether these effects generalize to samples of infrequent users, who may have less experience with edible cannabis use. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03522103.
在有合法大麻准入的州，可食用大麻产品的受欢迎程度继续上升，但很少有研究调查这些市售产品的急性影响。本研究旨在探讨三种市售可食用产品的影响，这些产品具有不同水平的 delta-9-四氢大麻酚 (THC) 和大麻二酚 (CBD)。 研究评估了一组普通大麻使用者 (=99 人)。50 名参与者亲自完成了研究程序，而 49 名参与者通过 Zoom 远程完成了研究程序。在参与者自行服用以下三种产品之一的 2 小时前和 2 小时后，评估了主观效应和血浆大麻素水平（仅亲自参与者）：一种 THC 占主导地位的食用产品、一种 CBD 占主导地位的食用产品或一种 THC+CBD 食用产品。 在使用后 2 小时的评估中，在亲自参与者中，血浆 THC 和 CBD 水平与自我报告的 THC 和 CBD 毫克摄入量呈强相关。在所有三种情况下，亲自和远程参与者都经历了 (1) 主观陶醉和兴奋增加，(2) 紧张感降低，以及 (3) 从使用前到使用后妄想感不变。使用 CBD 产品的参与者在使用后报告的陶醉程度低于使用 THC+CBD 或 THC 单一产品的参与者。使用 THC+CBD 产品的参与者报告摄入的 THC 较少，并且显示出较低的血浆 THC 水平（亲自参与者）-与使用 THC 单一产品的参与者相比，尽管报告了类似水平的积极（陶醉、兴奋、喜欢）和精神模拟（妄想、紧张）效应。在所有三种情况下，亲自和远程参与者的精神模拟效应都非常低，并且在所有条件下都没有使用后的差异。 研究结果表明，与使用 THC 单一产品的参与者相比，摄入 THC+CBD 产品的经验丰富的使用者报告的积极和精神模拟效应水平相似，尽管摄入的 THC 较少，并且显示出较低的血浆 THC 浓度。鉴于与急性大麻奖赏和长期 THC 暴露相关的潜在危害，需要进一步研究以确定是否含有 CBD 的食用大麻产品对使用者的风险较低。未来的研究应该检查这些影响是否适用于不常使用大麻的样本，这些样本可能对食用大麻的使用经验较少。ClinicalTrials.gov ID：NCT03522103。
