Review of surgical methods for stabilizing the lumbosacral spine in dogs with chronic L7-S1 instability.

Chronic instability at the lumbosacral junction, particularly between the L7 vertebra and the sacral bone, presents significant challenges in veterinary orthopedics, especially for large breed dogs. This condition frequently results in severe pain, neurological deficits, and mobility impairments, prompting the development of various surgical techniques aimed at effectively stabilizing the affected area. A critical evaluation of the literature on surgical stabilization of the lumbosacral spine in dogs reveals the clinical applications, outcomes, and future directions in veterinary spinal surgery. The pathophysiology of L7-S1 instability necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of different surgical interventions and the potential for custom-made solutions utilizing advanced materials and technologies. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify studies that focus on the surgical management of degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) in dogs, with particular reference to the use of implants, the influence of ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards in veterinary surgery, and the use of novel materials and custom-made implants.Although current surgical methods provide significant benefits in managing L7-S1 instability, further research is needed to refine these techniques and fully explore the potential of custom-made solutions in veterinary orthopedics. Integrating ISO standards from human medicine into veterinary practice could significantly improve the safety and effectiveness of spinal stabilization procedures in dogs.