Mal Biplab, Dolui Soumini, Bhaumik Bivas, De Soumen
Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.
Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
Electromagn Biol Med. 2025 Jan 2;44(1):79-106. doi: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2446506. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
The current investigation explores tri-hybrid mediated blood flow through a ciliary annular model, designed to emulate an endoscopic environment. The human circulatory system, driven by the metachronal ciliary waves, is examined in this study to understand how ternary nanoparticles influence wave-like flow dynamics in the presence of interfacial nanolayers. We also analyze the effect of an induced magnetic field on Ag-Cu-/blood flow within the annulus, focusing on thermal radiation, heat sources, buoyancy forces and ciliary motion. The Casson fluid model characterizes the non-Newtonian viscous properties of the biofluid. To describe the steady fluid flow mathematically, we use coupled partial differential equations and apply the homotopy perturbation method to derive rapidly convergent series solutions for the non-linear flow equations. The obtained hemodynamic consequences are graphically represented with the variations of emerging parameters. These are significantly influenced by the rheological factors of the nanofluid flow, improving flow velocity with changes in shear viscosity, while a decrease in flow is observed for intensified Lorentz forces. Ciliary motion accelerates the expansion of the induced magnetic field on nanolayers, while a higher Magnetic Reynolds number decreases the current density distribution. Increased radiative heat generation lowers the temperature, indicating that thermal radiation enhances heat transfer and improves cooling efficiency. In contrast, an increased ciliary length along the wall raises the temperature due to wave-like motion, which strengthens the thermal boundary layer in the fluid flow. Additionally, a higher nanoparticle concentration increases wall shear stress due to frictional forces, while enhanced magnetic forces decrease the shear stress along the ciliary wall. Furthermore, a higher Strommer's number may regulate the formation of blood boluses in the wavy flow. The key findings play an important role in the development of analytical benchmarks to validate computational methods, ensuring accuracy in clinical research tools and supporting reliable medical applications.
当前的研究通过一个旨在模拟内窥镜环境的纤毛环形模型来探索三杂化介导的血流。本研究对由节律性纤毛波驱动的人体循环系统进行了研究，以了解三元纳米颗粒在存在界面纳米层的情况下如何影响波状流动动力学。我们还分析了感应磁场对环形腔内银 - 铜 - 血流的影响，重点关注热辐射、热源、浮力和纤毛运动。卡森流体模型表征了生物流体的非牛顿粘性特性。为了用数学方法描述稳定的流体流动，我们使用耦合偏微分方程，并应用同伦摄动法来推导非线性流动方程的快速收敛级数解。所获得的血液动力学结果通过新兴参数的变化以图形方式表示。这些结果受到纳米流体流动的流变学因素的显著影响，随着剪切粘度的变化提高流速，而对于增强的洛伦兹力则观察到流速降低。纤毛运动加速了纳米层上感应磁场的扩展，而较高的磁雷诺数会降低电流密度分布。增加的辐射热生成会降低温度，表明热辐射增强了热传递并提高了冷却效率。相比之下，沿着壁增加的纤毛长度由于波状运动而使温度升高，这加强了流体流动中的热边界层。此外，较高的纳米颗粒浓度由于摩擦力而增加壁面剪应力，而增强的磁力会降低沿纤毛壁的剪应力。此外，较高的斯特罗默数可能会调节波动流中血团的形成。这些关键发现对开发用于验证计算方法的分析基准具有重要作用，确保临床研究工具的准确性并支持可靠的医学应用。
