Marsh Charles J, Turner Edgar C, Blonder Benjamin Wong, Bongalov Boris, Both Sabine, Cruz Rudi S, Elias Dafydd M O, Hemprich-Bennett David, Jotan Palasiah, Kemp Victoria, Kritzler Ully H, Milne Sol, Milodowski David T, Mitchell Simon L, Pillco Milenka Montoya, Nunes Matheus Henrique, Riutta Terhi, Robinson Samuel J B, Slade Eleanor M, Bernard Henry, Burslem David F R P, Chung Arthur Y C, Clare Elizabeth L, Coomes David A, Davies Zoe G, Edwards David P, Johnson David, Kratina Pavel, Malhi Yadvinder, Majalap Noreen, Nilus Reuben, Ostle Nicholas J, Rossiter Stephen J, Struebig Matthew J, Tobias Joseph A, Williams Mathew, Ewers Robert M, Lewis Owen T, Reynolds Glen, Teh Yit Arn, Hector Andy
Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
University Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Science. 2025 Jan 10;387(6730):171-175. doi: 10.1126/science.adf9856. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
The impacts of degradation and deforestation on tropical forests are poorly understood, particularly at landscape scales. We present an extensive ecosystem analysis of the impacts of logging and conversion of tropical forest to oil palm from a large-scale study in Borneo, synthesizing responses from 82 variables categorized into four ecological levels spanning a broad suite of ecosystem properties: (i) structure and environment, (ii) species traits, (iii) biodiversity, and (iv) ecosystem functions. Responses were highly heterogeneous and often complex and nonlinear. Variables that were directly impacted by the physical process of timber extraction, such as soil structure, were sensitive to even moderate amounts of logging, whereas measures of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning were generally resilient to logging but more affected by conversion to oil palm plantation.
退化和森林砍伐对热带森林的影响，尤其是在景观尺度上，目前还知之甚少。我们基于在婆罗洲开展的一项大规模研究，对热带森林砍伐及转变为油棕种植园的影响进行了广泛的生态系统分析，综合了82个变量的响应情况，这些变量被分为四个生态层面，涵盖了一系列广泛的生态系统属性：（i）结构与环境，（ii）物种特性，（iii）生物多样性，以及（iv）生态系统功能。响应高度异质，且通常复杂且呈非线性。直接受木材采伐物理过程影响的变量，如土壤结构，即使是适度的采伐量也很敏感，而生物多样性和生态系统功能指标通常对采伐具有弹性，但受转变为油棕种植园的影响更大。
