Vasu Sunil, Verma Damini, Souraph S Omal Surya, Anki Reddy Katha, Packirisamy Gopinath, S Uday Kumar
Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517619, India.
Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2025 Jan 20;8(1):420-434. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.4c01379. Epub 2025 Jan 9.
In the fast-paced quest for early cancer detection, noninvasive screening techniques have emerged as game-changers, offering simple and accessible avenues for precession diagnostics. In line with this, our study highlights the potential of silver nanoparticle-decorated titanium carbide MXene nanosheets (TiC_AgNPs) as an electroactive interface for the noninvasive diagnosis of oral carcinoma based on the prevalence of the salivary biomarker, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). An in situ reduction was utilized to synthesize the TiC_AgNPs nanohybrid, wherein TiC acts as the reducing agent, and the resulting nanohybrid was subjected to various characterization techniques to examine the optical, structural, and morphological attributes. The results revealed that spherical AgNPs formed on the surface of TiC MXene nanosheets by virtue of the low-valent Ti species present in TiC, which facilitated the reduction of AgNO to AgNPs. Furthermore, the electrochemical characterization of the nanohybrid-modified screen-printed electrode (TiC_AgNPs/SPE) indicated enhanced heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics. With these encouraging results, the TiC_AgNPs nanohybrid was employed as an immobilization matrix for TNF-α antibodies and applied for electrochemical sensing. Analytical studies of the fabricated immunosensor, conducted by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), exhibited a broader linear range (1 to 180 pg mL), a low limit of detection (0.97 pg mL), and high sensitivity (1.214 μA mL pg cm) and specificity, even in artificial saliva, indicating its reliability for oral carcinoma diagnosis. Therefore, the TiC_AgNP nanohybrid seems a promising candidate for the effective sensing of TNF-α and could also be explored for other biomarkers.
在对早期癌症检测的快节奏追求中，非侵入性筛查技术已成为改变游戏规则的因素，为精确诊断提供了简单且可及的途径。与此一致，我们的研究强调了银纳米颗粒修饰的碳化钛MXene纳米片（TiC_AgNPs）作为基于唾液生物标志物肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）流行情况进行口腔癌非侵入性诊断的电活性界面的潜力。利用原位还原法合成TiC_AgNPs纳米杂化物，其中TiC作为还原剂，对所得纳米杂化物进行各种表征技术以检查其光学、结构和形态属性。结果表明，由于TiC中存在的低价钛物种，球形AgNPs在TiC MXene纳米片表面形成，这促进了AgNO向AgNPs的还原。此外，纳米杂化物修饰的丝网印刷电极（TiC_AgNPs/SPE）的电化学表征表明异质电子转移动力学增强。基于这些令人鼓舞的结果，TiC_AgNPs纳米杂化物被用作TNF-α抗体的固定基质并应用于电化学传感。通过差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对制备的免疫传感器进行的分析研究显示出更宽的线性范围（1至180 pg/mL）、低检测限（0.97 pg/mL）以及高灵敏度（1.214 μA mL pg cm）和特异性，即使在人工唾液中也是如此，表明其在口腔癌诊断中的可靠性。因此，TiC_AgNP纳米杂化物似乎是有效传感TNF-α的有前途的候选者，也可用于探索其他生物标志物。
