Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
Anal Methods. 2024 Jul 25;16(29):4938-4950. doi: 10.1039/d4ay01048e.
Nanohybrid based non-invasive biosensing platforms are emerging as promising alternatives to detect biomarkers in complex and diverse bio-fluids toward ultrasensitive point-of-care diagnostics. Herein, we report the development of a highly sensitive, facile, non-invasive, label free, affordable, and innovative electrochemical screen printed immunosensor for identifying CYFRA 21-1, an established and crucial biomarker for oral cancer. Until now, no work has been reported utilizing a titanium carbide TiC MXene nanosheet and L-cysteine (L-Cyst) functionalized magnetite nanoparticle (MNPs) nanohybrid based immunosensor for electrochemical detection of CYFRA 21-1. The L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene nanohybrid was synthesized the co-precipitation method and later deposited on a gold screen printed electrode (GSPE) offering enhanced surface area and electrochemical properties. The nanohybrid modified GSPE was then surface immobilized with monoclonal antibodies (anti-CYFRA-21-1) to fabricate an anti-CYFRA-21-1/L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene/GSPE immunoelectrode and the non-specific locations of the immunoelectrode were covered with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The spectroscopic, morphological, and structural analyses of the synthesized nanohybrid and the fabricated electrodes were performed using different analytical techniques. The electrochemical studies of modified electrodes were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The fabricated BSA/anti-CYFRA-21-1/L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene/GSPE immunosensor has shown an excellent limit of detection of 0.023 ng mL, a linear detection range of (0.5-30) ng mL, a sensitivity of 277.28 μA (ng mL) cm and a lower limit of quantification of 0.618 ng mL for electrochemical CYFRA 21-1 determination. Hence, this L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene nanohybrid could also be explored as a potential candidate for determining other cancer biomarkers.
基于纳米杂化的非侵入式生物传感平台作为一种有前途的替代方法，正在出现，可用于检测复杂和多样化生物流体中的生物标志物，从而实现超灵敏的即时诊断。在此，我们报告了一种高度敏感、简便、非侵入式、无标记、经济实惠且创新的电化学丝网印刷免疫传感器的开发，用于识别 CYFRA 21-1，这是一种已确立的、关键的口腔癌生物标志物。到目前为止，还没有报道利用碳化钛 TiC 二维纳米片和 L-半胱氨酸（L-Cyst）功能化磁铁矿纳米粒子（MNPs）纳米杂化物的基于电化学的免疫传感器来检测 CYFRA 21-1。L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene 纳米杂化物是通过共沉淀法合成的，然后沉积在金丝网印刷电极（GSPE）上，提供了更大的表面积和更好的电化学性能。然后，将纳米杂化物修饰的 GSPE 表面固定上单克隆抗体（抗-CYFRA-21-1），以制造抗-CYFRA-21-1/L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene/GSPE 免疫电极，并将免疫电极的非特异性位置用牛血清白蛋白（BSA）覆盖。使用不同的分析技术对合成的纳米杂化物和制备的电极进行了光谱、形态和结构分析。使用循环伏安法（CV）、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）对修饰电极的电化学研究进行了评估。所制备的 BSA/抗-CYFRA-21-1/L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene/GSPE 免疫传感器具有 0.023 ng mL 的出色检测限、（0.5-30）ng mL 的线性检测范围、277.28 μA（ng mL）cm 的灵敏度和 0.618 ng mL 的定量下限，用于电化学 CYFRA 21-1 的测定。因此，这种 L-Cyst@MNPs/TiC-MXene 纳米杂化物也可以作为用于测定其他癌症生物标志物的潜在候选物进行探索。
