Zhan Jun-Hui, Wei Juan, Liu Yu-Jian, Wang Peng-Xiang, Zhu Xiao-Yan
School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China; Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing 210014, China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Mar;295:139548. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139548. Epub 2025 Jan 7.
In the mammalian cardiovascular system, endothelial glycocalyx is a gel-like layer that covers the luminal surface of endothelial cells (ECs) and plays crucial roles in vascular homeostasis, permeability and leukocyte adhesion. Degradation of this structure occurs early in sepsis and becomes accordingly dysfunctional. In severe cases, it is not self-regulated by the organism. However, the relationship between the glycocalyx and the occurrence and development of sepsis remains poorly understood. One possibility is that thinned glycocalyx promotes leukocyte recognition and adhesion, thereby facilitating the elimination of pathogens from infected areas. This may represent a protective mechanism developed by the organism during through evolutionary processes. However, if the damage persists and disrupts the dynamic balance of the microcirculation, interstitial edema or organ failure can occur. Thus, we asked the questions, what is the precise composition and structure of the glycocalyx? How is it degraded? What animal models are available to study the relationship between the glycocalyx and sepsis? What glycocalyx biomarkers are found in the blood of patients with sepsis? To determine whether sepsis can be treated by interfering with the glycocalyx, this study provides a systematic summary and discussion of the latest progress in addressing these questions.
在哺乳动物的心血管系统中，内皮糖萼是一层覆盖在内皮细胞（ECs）管腔表面的凝胶状层，在血管稳态、通透性和白细胞黏附中起着关键作用。这种结构的降解在脓毒症早期就会发生，并相应地出现功能障碍。在严重情况下，机体无法对其进行自我调节。然而，糖萼与脓毒症发生发展之间的关系仍知之甚少。一种可能性是变薄的糖萼促进白细胞识别和黏附，从而有助于从感染区域清除病原体。这可能代表了机体在进化过程中形成的一种保护机制。然而，如果损伤持续存在并破坏微循环的动态平衡，就可能发生间质水肿或器官衰竭。因此，我们提出了以下问题：糖萼的确切组成和结构是什么？它是如何降解的？有哪些动物模型可用于研究糖萼与脓毒症之间的关系？脓毒症患者血液中发现了哪些糖萼生物标志物？为了确定脓毒症是否可以通过干预糖萼来治疗，本研究对解决这些问题的最新进展进行了系统总结和讨论。
