Zhu Xiaoye, Chen Saige, Xie Yongqiu, Cheng Zhigang, Zhu Xiaoyan, Guo Qulian
Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008.
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2024 Jul 28;49(7):1155-1163. doi: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.240017.
Pain is a signal of inflammation that can have both protective and pathogenic effects. Macrophages, significant components of the immune system, play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of pain, particularly in neuroimmune communication. Macrophages exhibit plasticity and heterogeneity, adopting either pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes depending on their functional orientation. Recent research highlights the contribution of macrophages to pain dynamics by undergoing changes in their functional polarity, leading to macrophage activation, tissue infiltration, and cytokine secretion. M1 macrophages release pro-inflammatory mediators that are not only essential in defending against infections, but also contributing to tissue damage and the elicitation of pain. However, this process can be counteracted by M2 macrophages, facilitating pain relief through producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and opioid peptides or enhancing efferocytosis. M1 and M2 macrophages play important roles in both the initiation and mitigation of pain.
疼痛是炎症的一种信号，它既可以产生保护作用，也可能具有致病作用。巨噬细胞作为免疫系统的重要组成部分，在疼痛的发生和发展过程中起着关键作用，尤其是在神经免疫通讯方面。巨噬细胞具有可塑性和异质性，根据其功能取向可呈现促炎的M1型或抗炎的M2型表型。最近的研究强调了巨噬细胞通过其功能极性的变化对疼痛动态产生的影响，这种变化会导致巨噬细胞活化、组织浸润和细胞因子分泌。M1巨噬细胞释放促炎介质，这些介质不仅在抵御感染中至关重要，而且还会导致组织损伤和引发疼痛。然而，这一过程可被M2巨噬细胞抵消，M2巨噬细胞通过产生抗炎细胞因子和阿片肽或增强吞噬作用来促进疼痛缓解。M1和M2巨噬细胞在疼痛的引发和缓解过程中均发挥着重要作用。
