Kavanova Katerina, Kostovova Iveta, Moravkova Monika, Kubasova Tereza, Crhanova Magdalena
Veterinary Research Institute, Hudcova 296/70, Brno, 621 00, Czech Republic.
Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno, 625 00, Czech Republic.
BMC Microbiol. 2025 Jan 9;25(1):8. doi: 10.1186/s12866-024-03711-9.
Gastrointestinal diseases in weaned piglets are a frequent cause of high morbidity and mortality in domestic pigs. The use of antibiotics is problematic due to increasing antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations, for which reason the use of suitable probiotics is highly recommended to maintain animal health and welfare.
In this study, 57 strains of biologically safe lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria originating from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of pigs were identified and characterized in terms of their probiotic properties for potential use in weaned piglets. These strains were divided into two sets based on their origin - from the GIT of wild boars (n = 41) and from the GIT of domestic pigs (n = 16). Strains obtained from wild boars exhibited greater taxonomic diversity compared to isolates from domestic pigs. While searching for coding sequences (CDS) encoding bacteriocins and bile salt hydrolases (BSH), no significant difference was detected between the two tested groups. On the other hand, CDS encoding adhesinlike factors were more frequent in the dataset isolated from wild boars than in the dataset obtained from domestic pigs. Moreover, more CDS encoding carbohydrateactive enzymes (CAZymes) were carried in the genomes of strains obtained from wild boars. Utilization of important selected carbohydrate substrates, such as starch, D-raffinose, D-mannose, Dcellobiose and gentiobiose, was confirmed by API testing. Antimicrobial activity against at least one of the five tested pathogens was found in 51% of wild boar strains but in none of the isolates from domestic pigs.
This suggests that the intestinal microbiota of wild boars could serve as a promising source of probiotics for domestic pigs.
断奶仔猪的胃肠道疾病是家猪高发病率和高死亡率的常见原因。由于细菌群体中抗生素耐药性的增加，抗生素的使用存在问题，因此强烈建议使用合适的益生菌来维持动物健康和福利。
在本研究中，从猪的胃肠道（GIT）中鉴定并表征了57株具有生物安全性的乳酸菌（LAB）和双歧杆菌，并对其益生菌特性进行了研究，以用于断奶仔猪。根据其来源，这些菌株分为两组——来自野猪胃肠道（n = 41）和来自家猪胃肠道（n = 16）。与家猪分离株相比，从野猪获得的菌株表现出更大的分类多样性。在寻找编码细菌素和胆汁盐水解酶（BSH）的编码序列（CDS）时，两个测试组之间未检测到显著差异。另一方面，编码黏附素样因子的CDS在从野猪分离的数据集中比在家猪获得的数据集中更频繁。此外，从野猪获得的菌株基因组中携带了更多编码碳水化合物活性酶（CAZymes）的CDS。通过API测试证实了对重要的选定碳水化合物底物，如淀粉、D-棉子糖、D-甘露糖、D-纤维二糖和龙胆二糖的利用。51%的野猪菌株对五种测试病原体中的至少一种具有抗菌活性，而家猪分离株均无此活性。
这表明野猪的肠道微生物群可以作为家猪益生菌的一个有前景的来源。
